Armin Bijanzad 11.th week ananswered

1.Clean steam generators

İn many facility applications, carryover of boiler treatment chemicals and boiler water is especially prohibited, for example, if steam is to be injected directly into process or if boiler solids would contaminate the airstream in humidification.For these applications, a ,clean steam, generator is appropriate.
(Facility piping systems handbook 2nd edition Michael Frnkel p.11.14)

2.Electric steam generators

Electric boilers have unique advantages for small facility steam applications:

-They do not require fuel piping
-They have no burner systems or draft blowers
-They do not require flues to carry off the exhaust gas
-They are smaller and easier to install

These boilers must be properly operated and maintained to prevent hot-spots and buildup of solids, which may cause early failure of the boiler.
(Facility piping systems handbook 2nd edition Michael Frnkel p.11.14)

3.Direct-acting valves

The direct-acting valve, is the simplest and least costly design.A reduction in pressure at the inlet acts on the underside of the diaphragm, which in turn, opposes the pressure exerted by the main spring, allowing the closure member to open, thereby increasing pressure.This type of valve is suitable where accurate control is not essential and where the steam flow rate is small and reasonably constant.İt has some fluctuation of steam pressure and a relatively low capacity for its size.(Facility piping systems handbook 2nd edition Michael Frnkel p.11.16)


4.Steam meters

İt is often required that steam be metered to determine energy efficiency, process control, usage, and equipment efficiency as well as for measurement of the amount of steam used within a facility for utility company billing purposes.
A steam meter must compensate for steam quality as well as pressure and temperature.Performance of different types of meters will vary.Most meters depend on volume measurement, which is dependent on pressure.Measurement must be taken at the appropriate pressure, otherwise corrections have to be applied to the reading. Metering should be done downstream of a properly designed pressure reducing valve station.

5-Gas warmers

On occasion, the gas in cylinders is withdrawn so fast that the regulator could ice up because of the change in temperature.İf this occurs, an electrically heated gas warmer is available to be installed in-line, and this warmer would heat the gas out of the cylinder before it reached the regulator.The rule of thumb is to consider a warmer if the use of gas exceeds 35 acfm.The actual figure should be based on experience with the specific type of gas being used.Ask the supplier what his or her experience has been.Carbon dioxide is a particular problem.
Facility piping systems handbook 2nd edition Michael Frnkel p.14.79)