Ufuk Güneş Civelek 03050161 13th week

Laminar flow

Laminar flow may occur in many situations.,ıts distinguishing features, however, are always the same: individual particles of fluid follow paths that do not cross those of neighbouring particles. There is nevertheless a velocity gradient across the flow, and so laminar flow, and so laminar flow is not normally found except in the neighbourhood of a solid boundary, the retarding effect of which causes the transverse velocity gradient.Laminar flow occurs at velocities low enough for forces due to viscosity to predominate over inertia forces, and thus, if any individual particle attempts to stray from its prescribed path, viscosity firmly restrains it, and the orderly procession of particles continues.
(Bernard Stanford Massey,John Ward-Smith,Mechanics of fluids, 1. cilt,p.204)

Moment of inertia

The inertia of an object is referred to as the resistance offered by the stationary object to move linearly and it is directly proportional to its mass.The moment
of inertia, however, is defined as the reluctance of an object to begin rotating or to change its state of rotation about an axis.Moment of inertia is related to
the mass of the object (body or body part) and the location (distribution) of this mass from the axis of rotation. Without specific reference to a particular axis of
rotation the moment of inertia value has little meaning.
(Paul Grimshaw,Sport and exercise biomechanics,p.137)


Electric Arc Melting

Electric arc melting was one of rhe earliest applications of electrical power, ranging from melting a few pf precious metals to remelting very large quantities of scrap and high-grade steel and special steel and iron alloys. Operation is at the supply frequency, in some cases above the normal supply voltage with inductive stabilization, altough at the highest currents the self-inductance of the supply circuit may be sufficient. DC arc, plasma and hollow electrode furnaces are also in use.Very simple laboratory arc furnaces can be constructed around a refractorycrucible using an arc welder as a power source.
(John Ernest Harry,Introduction to Plasma Technology: Science, Engineering and Applications,p.131)

Continuous Fibers

Continuous Fibers are long fibers that usually attain maximum strength and stiffness due to their controlled anisotropy and low number and size of surface defects with the load carried mostly by the fibers oriented along the load direction. Continuous Filaments are supplied in bundles, such as strands, rovings, or yarns. A strand is a bundle of more than one continuous filament. A roving is a collection of parallel continuous strands forming a cylindrical element. A yarn is a collection of filaments or strands that are twisted together.Roving are the most common forms of fibers that can be chopped, woven, or processed to create secondary fiber forms for composite manufacturing, such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, braided fabrics and mats. Mats formed either by chopped strand or continuous strand are nonwoven fabrics that provide equal strength in all directions.Continuous-strand mats are formed by swirling continuous strands of fiber onto a moving belt and are finished with a chemical binder that holds the fiber in place.
(Thomas G. Williamson,APA engineered wood handbook,p. 11.3)