Wednesday, February 29, 2012

Erdem Ozdemir 030070307 - 1st Week Answers


Laser Interferometer Measuring System
Measurement
New – Better Answer

The laser interferometer measurement system is a highly precise instrument used to measure changes in the height of the product surface in a UST. The laser interferometer system consists of two elements: a laser interferometer mounted on a rugged adjustable stand, and two brass lubes inside of which are positioned floats containing comer-cube beam reflectors. The signal from the two interferometer channels is shown on two local displays which are in rum connected to a data acquisition computer so that long-term testing can be conducted. In operation, the laser measures changes in float position with respect to the interferometers mounted on the stand. The reference standard for these distance measurements is the wavelength of the laser light, which is very tightly reguluied.
Product-level changes are measured simultaneously in both tubes, with one opened and one closed to the product in the tank. Product-level changes in the tube open to the tank are identical to the product-level changes in the tank, and thus are affected by all sources of noise and simulated leaks. Product-level changes in the closed rube ire theoretically affected only by the thermal expansion or contraction of the product and by evaporation or condensation of the product.

Because the hear generated by the laser head and electronics is separated from the interferometers, the height measurements are very precise. The resolution and precision of the laser interferometer (according to its manufacturer's specification) are 0.025 and 0.043 u,m. respectively. The laser is re-zeroed each time the power is turned on or off, or each lime the laser display units are reset. As a consequence, the system is used to measure product-level changes but is not used to measure the depth of product in the tank. The product-level data are sampled at 200 Hz (200 samples/s), with a special-purpose data acquisition program (LIDAS) (261. written in Hewlett-Packard (HP) Basic, on an HP 9836 computer system that collects, downsamples. stores, and displays the data tn real time. The data are transferred between the laser display units and the computer system via two binary-coded decimal (BCD) interface cards and two specifically designed 64-pin connecting cables.
(Volumetric leak detection methods for underground fuel storage tanks, J. W. Maresca, Pg:142)


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Presently lasers are used as length measuring devices. They are commonly used for positional accuracy measurements. They are also used as length measuring machines of high accuracy (accuracy of the order of 0.01 micrometer). The feedback of this can be used for positioning of the machine and also for computation of measurements. Nowadays it has become a common practice to use laser-measuring system for the calibration of CNC machines.
Using laser-measuring system the measurements performed are reliable, accurate and faster compared to conventional methods. The laser interferometer can be directly interfaced with a computer. This makes it easy for the operator to evaluate the results as per the evaluation procedures mentioned in various standards like AMT, AFNOR, VDI, MTTA, and JIS etc. Using different attachments laser interferometer is also used for other measurements like straightness, flatness, squareness, velocity, pitch, yaw etc.
(Radhakrishnan P., Subrahmanyan S., Raju V., CAD/CAM/CIM, 3rd Edition, p. 513 )

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