Design guidelines for robotic assembly include the following additional considerations.
- Parts should be designed so that they can be gripped and manipulated by the same gripper ( end effector) of the robot.Such a design avoids the need for different grippers.Parts should be made available to the gripper in the proper orientation.
-Assembly that involves threaded fasteners ( bolts , nuts and screws) may be difficult for robots.One exception is the use of self threading screws for sheer metal, plastics, and wooden parts.Also, note that robots easily can handle snap fits, rivers, welds and adhasives.
The development of compliant end effectors and dexterous manipulators has made robotic assembly even more attractive.
(Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R.,Manufacturing engineering and technology, 5th Edition, p 1185)
ROBOTIC ASSEMBLY (new answer) (group: method)
Assembly and Inspection are growing application areas for industrial robotics. In some respects, they are hybrids of the previous two robot application categories: material handling and processing. Assembly and isnpection applications can involve both the handling of materials and the manipulation of a tool.
The most appealing area fot the application of industrial robotics for assembly is in the production of a mixture of similar products or models in the same workcell or assembly line.
What makes robotics useful in the assembly applications is their capability to execute programmed variations in the work cycle to accommodate different assembly configurations.
(Groover M.P., Automation, Production Systems, And Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, p 351 - 353)
2-) PROCESS CONTROL (previous answer) (group: control)
A field of engineering dealing with ways and means by which conditions of processes are brought to and maintained at desired values, and undesirable conditions are avoided as much as possible.In general , a process is understood to mean any system where material and energy streams are made to interact and to transform each other.
(MCGRAW-HILL encyclopedia of science & technology 6th edition v.14 p.335)
PROCESS CONTROL (new answer) (group: control) - better one !
Process control is one of the strategies in automation. This includes a wide range of control schemes intended to operate the individual processes and associated equipment more efficiency. By this strategy, the individual sprocess times can be reduced and product quality improved.
(Groover M.P., Automation, Production Systems, And Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, p. 41)
3-) LOCAL AREA NETWORK (previous answer) (group: technology)
Ethernet, now known as local area networking, allowed compatible computers to work together. Sharing files, resources and programs would be the next big thing.
William J. Herrmann, KEN OLSON: ULTIMATE ENTREPRENEUR?, s.66
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (new answer) (group: technology) - better one !
When computers, which are connected together normally belong to one organization and all computers are situated within a radius of about 1 km. the networks is called a Local Area Network (LAN). Nowadays all computers are designed so that is easy to connect it to a LAN without buying any extra equipment.
(Rajaraman V., Introduction to Information Technology, Prentice Hall of Indıa , p. 142)
4-) DIRECT NUMERICAL CONTROL (previous answer) (group:method)
Several machines are controlled directly step by step by a central mainframe computer.In this system the operator has access to the central computer through a remote terminal.With DNC,the status of all machines ina manufacturing facility can be monitored and assesed from a central computer.However DNC has a crucial disadvantage:If the computer shuts down all of the machines become inoperative.A more recent definition of DNC is distributed numerical control in which a central computer serves as the control system over a number of individual CNC machines having onoard microcomputers.This system provides large memory and computational facilities and offers flexibility while overcoming the disadvantage of direct numerical control.
(Serope Kalpakjian- Steven R. Schmid p:1155)
DIRECT NUMERICAL CONTROL (new answer) (group:method) - better one !
Direct numerical control can be defined as a manufacturing system in which a number of machines are controlled by a computer through direct connection and in real time. The tape reader is omit
ted in DNC, thus relieving the system of its least reliable component. Instead of using the tape reader, the part program is transmitted to the machine tool directly from the computer memory. In principle, one computer can be used to control more than 100 seperate machines.
The systems consists of four components:
1- Central Computer
2- Bulk Memory, which stores the NC part components.
3- Telecommunication Lines
4- Machine Tools
Two types of DNC:
1- Behind-the-tape Reader System
2- Special Machine Control Unit
(Groover M.P., Automation, Production Systems, And Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, p. 281 - 282 )
5-) DISTRIBUTED NUMERICAL CONTROL (previous one) (group:method)
Sometimes the abbreviation DNC is used to denote distributed numerical control. A computer network for manufacturing may consist of a main frame computer, CAD/CAM work stations, DNC host computer and the CNC systems connected to it. This configuration can be beneficially used for NC data processing. Any complex calculations required for generating NC data can be transferred to the more powerful mainframe computer. Thus the NC DATA processing is done at different hierarchical levels. In a way many of the DNC systems today are in fact distributed processing systems.
(Radhakrishnan P., Subrahmanyan S., Raju V., CAD/CAM/CIM, 3rd Edition, p. 384 )
DISTRIBUTED NUMERICAL CONTROL (new one) (group:method) - better one !
The evolution of hierarchical control configuration, in which the machine tool MCUs are connected to a central plant computer and the controllers are themselves CNC units, has an architecture very similar to direct numerical control. To distinguish this configuration from DNC, the term distributed numerical control is used. The difference is simply in the presence of the CNC controllers in the hierarchy to replace har-wired MCU. Today, distributed numerical control represents the generally accepted approach for central computer control of NC machine tools. In present usage, the initials DNC refer to this modern control configuration.
(Groover M.P., Automation, Production Systems, And Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, p. 295 )
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