Week 6 Missed Terms Gani Can Öz

Semi-crystalline Polymers

Long polymer chains consisting of identical monomeric units are, in principle, capable of being organized into crystalline arrays. Usually the chains are parallel bundles and the unit cell is based in some elementary way on the monomeric repeat unit. However, because of their great chain lengths it is kinetically difficult for polymers to form large crystals or to crystallize completely. In the case of quiescent crystallization from the melt the common morphology involves very thin lamellar crystals in which the crystallizing chains fold back and forth across the growth face. A given chain may be incorporated into several lamellae where the latter are organized in ribbon-like sheaves. It is inevitable that a considerable fraction of chain units will be constrained from being laid down on the growth faces. An appreciable fraction of uncrystallized material results. The local organization is that of stacked lamellae separated by amorphous layers. Thus crystallizable polymers are typically semi-crystalline two-phase systems. The degree of crystallinity, i.e., the volume of the crystal phase relative to the specimen volume can vary according to the crystallization conditions. Slow cooling versus rapid quenching, annealing etc. are typical variables. Higher degrees of crystallinity tend to be accommodated by thicker crystal lamellae with a relatively minor role for the amorphous interlayer thickness.

(Polymer Dynamics and Relaxation, By Richard Boyd University of Utah, By Grant Smith University of Utah)

Kelvin Model

The classical Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic solid (see Kelvin [6], Voigt [8]) can be viewed as a mixture

of a linearized elastic solid and a linearly viscous °uid that co-exist. The one-dimensional model

is represented as a linear spring in parallel with a linearly viscous dashpot. A generalization of the

mechanical analog is to consider a non-linear spring in parallel with a non-linearly viscous dashpot.

Such a one-dimensional model can be appropriately generalized to obtain a three dimensional

model.

(On Kelvin-Voigt model and its generalizations, M. Bulicek, J. Malek, K. R. Rajagopal)