Emre Ayaroglu - Unanswered ( 3rd week)

Operator personnel cost
This cost covers all costs associated with the operation and maintenance support of the system throughout its product life cycle subsequent to equipment delivery in the field. Specific categories cover the cost of system operation, maintenance, sustaining logistic support, equipment modifications, and system/equipment phaseout and disposal. Costs are generally determined for each year throughout life cycle. (Nasr E.A., Computer-Based Design and Manufacturing, p. 39)

Assembly planning
Since most manufacturing products are composed of assemblies of individual components, assembling these components is a key point in manufacturing products. In light of this fact, it is odd that assembly and assembly planning receive far less research attention than individual component manufacturing. Assembly planning can be roughly divided into three phases:
1. Selection of assembly method: identifying the one most suitable method for the product while accounting for the type of assembly system to be used;
2. Assembly sequence planning: generating a sequence of assembly operations (placing each component in its final position in the assembly) to be used to implement an assembly task in a given assembly system; and
3. Assembly operations planning: emphasizing the details of individual assembly steps, such as access directions, mating movements, and application of fasteners (Nasr E.A., Computer-Based Design and Manufacturing, p. 76).

Spatial Occupancy Enumeration
Spatial Occupancy Enumeration is a type of solid modelling. The object is represented by a list ofthe cubical disjoint spatial cells that it occupies. This is the special case of the cell decomposition where the shape of the cells is cubical (Nasr E.A., Computer-Based Design and Manufacturing, p. 85).

Integrated Product Development
Very few products are developed by an individual working alone. It is unlikely that an individual will have all the necessary skills in marketing, industrial design, mechanical and electronic engineering, manufacturing processes and materials, tool-making, packaging design, graphic art, and project management, etc. Development is normally done by a design team as an integrated approach. The team leader draws on talent in a variety of disciplines, often from both outside and inside of the organization. As ageneral rule, the cost of a development effort is a factor of the number ofpeople involved and the time required fostering the initial concept into a fully refined product.
Integrated product development (IPD) practices are recognized as critical to the development of competitive products in today's fast-paced global economy. Product development teams, particularly when team members are collocated, are a critical element of IPD practices to facilitate early involvement and parallel design of products and their processes. As a company grows larger and products become more complex, hierarchical organizations are established to master the increasingly large organization size, the technical complexity, and the specialization that evolves to maste this complexity. This company growth also results in the geographic dispersion of people and functional departments. These factors inhibit many of the informal relationships that previously provided effective communication and coordination between functions. Functional department stend to focus inwardly on functional objectives. This is often described as the functional bin. A hierarchical organization structure with enterprise activities directed by functional managers becomes incapable ofcoordinating the many cross-functional activities required to support product development as the enterprise moves toward parallel design of product and process and a focus on time-to-market. Product development teams (PDTs) are a way to address this complexity by organizing the necessary skills and resources on a team basis to support product and process development in a highly interactive, parallel collaborative manner (Nasr E.A., Computer-Based Design and Manufacturing, p. 305).