Mechanical cleaning may be accomplish methods such as abrasive blast cleaning, wire brushing, grinding, tumbling, stream cleaning, or hot water cleaning.
Accesible surfaces may be wire brushed. Welds may be ground and wire brushed to remove slag, grit, or excess weld material. Carbon steel wire brushes must not be used on aluminum or stainless steel surfaces. Any wire brushes previously used on carbon steel can not be used on aluminum or stainless steel surfaces.
(Compressed Gas Association, Handbook Of Compressed Gas, pp. 202-207)
Key Performance Indicator (KPI)
Key performance indicator (KPI), is a number or value which can be compared against an internal target, or an external target ‘‘benchmarking’’ to give an indication of performance. That value can relate to data collected or calculated from any process or activity.
It was considered that the KPIs within the manufacturing strategy are cost, quality, flexibility and delivery, as well as inventory [3]. A part of a project survey was carried out to identify which performance indicators
companies use and which ones they characterise as important. The top five were: profitability, conformance to specifications, customer satisfaction, return on investment and materials/overhead cost.
(M.M. Ahmad, N. Dhafr, Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, pp. 171-172)
EWI (Enterprise-Wide Integration)
Enterprise Wide Integration (EWI) approach emphasises the integration of people technology, business, partners and customers regardless their location and th configuration of essential systems accordingly to the changing needs of customers, products and organisational structures.
(K. Cheng, D. Webb, Advances in manufacturing Technology XVI, p. 129)
Gauge Repeatibility and Reproducibility (Gauge R&R)
GR&R methodology consist of quantifying the measurement error due to equipment and operators. Data is collected by several operators measuring the same set of parts on the same equipment. The average ranges of the part measurements determine the equipment variability, and the differences in the measurement averages determine the operator's (apparaisers) variability. The methodology for attaining the GR&R of a measurement system is as follows:
1. The parts to be used in the GR&R study should be identified. Up to 10 parts are normally used from the same production proces.
2. Up to three skilled operators should be identified to make the measurements. They should be familiar with the parts and measurement equipment.
3. Each operator then measures each part on the same equipment several times; these measurements are called trials. Usually up to three trials are made by each operator.
4. The errors are thus generated by n parts, which are measured and repeated r times by different operators.
GR&R represents 99% of the measurement error caused by either operator or equipment.
(S. G. Shina, Siz Sigma for Electronics Desingn and Manufacturing, pp. 158-159)
No comments:
Post a Comment