Eray Cavus 030060022 4th week

Human Engineering Design

The application of human engineering principles in the design of things which are to be used by people is not an exact science. Rather, it is a philosophy or an approach to problems of designing and constructing things which people are expected to use - so that the user will be more efficient and less likely to make stress in use of the article. In addition, it is an effort to make such articles more convenient, more confortable, less confusing, and, in the end, less exasperating or fatiguing to user

(Woodson W. E., Conover D.E.,Human Engineering Guide,Page 1-1)

Automatic Identification Systems(AIS)

Automatic identification systems are now being fitted to vessels, in accordance with thecarriage requirementsof the safety of Life at Sea Convention(SOLAS). Data to be provided automatically by AIS includes ship identification, ship type, and position, course and speed of vessel. As AIS can be used toadvantage for collision avoidance, such as determining identity another vessel and in more rapid detection of changes of heading, vessels maybe expected to make use of the equipment in appropriate circumstances. However, it shold be borne in mind when using AIS for collision avoidance that not all vessels are required to be fitted with AIS.

(Cockcroft A.N., Lameijer J.N.F., A guide to the collision avoidance rules: International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, Page 39)

Implicit features

Sufficient information is supplied to define the feature but the full geometric details have to be calculated when required.

As an example, consider a cylindrical blind hole. An explicit representation in a solid modeler will contain details of the cylindrical surface and the surface at the base of the hole, together with the equation of the edge curves. An implicit representation of the same hole might specify the center line, depth, and radius. The explicit information can be computed from the implicit data.

There are seven general features as follows:

-Circular through hole
-Circular pad
-Rectangular pad
-Rectangular packet with an interior rectangular boss with a blind hole
-Face(area to be plated)
-A bevelled edge
-A corner break

(Zhang H.C., Alting L.,Computerized manufacturing process planning systems, page 173-174)

Feature Mapping

At initial general design stage, design feature are gradually increase, but there are some uncertain factors and new structure of the design was not decided. Because some design features have been decided and the other were not decided at conceptual stage, we propose that the information of not deciding can be supposed in reason or ignored. Then the known design featurescan be mapped into the cost features with direct mapping,projective mapping, and conjugate mapping. For some parts that have been manufactured in the past detail cost estimation method is used directly to obtain the cost value.

(Jardim R.,Roy R.,Staiger A.,Advances in concurrent engineering, page 77-78)