Laser cutting machine controls the path of the laser that can cut through sheet metal, thus increasing the capability for producing a wide variety of shapes accurately, repeatedly, and economically, as well as eliminating the need for punches and dies. However, as expected, the surface produced by punching has different characteristics than that produced by laser cutting.
(Kalpakjian S. & Schmid S., Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, p.23)
Open Die Forging
Open die forging is the easiest forging process. Parts are simple shaped and mostly forged between two planar dies. This method generally used for rough shaping and forging before the close die forging.Also this method is more economical than closed die forging, and some big parts can only forged by open die forging.
(Manufacturing Methods Lecture Notes, A.Aran & M.Demirkol, p 4-2)
Deep Drawing
Deep Drawing is a process where the sheet metal gets the most basic shape for embossed materials.With deep drawing it is possible to get bathtubs, cylinder shaped containers, splash guards etc.To do that the sheet metal is cut to required dimensions with earlier process is taken and placed on a die then with a hammer (mostly press) it gets the required force. The die element that helps the process is called the pressure ring.
There are 3 types of forces are applied during the process
- Forming force required for deep drawing.
- Friction forces
- Ironing forces on the sheet metal
Flat Rolling:
The process of reducing the thickness of a slap to produce a thinner and longer but only slightly wider product is commonly referred to as flat rolling. It is the most important primary deformation process. It allows a high degree of closed loop automation and very high speeds, and is thus capable of providing high-quality, close tolerance starting material for various secondary sheet-metalworking processes at a lw cost
Introduction to Manufacturing Processes, John A. Schey ,p 266)
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