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Manual Part Programming: In this method the necessary program information is taken directly from the workpiece drawing and set down in the form of program blogs which are than input to the control system.Manual programming is suitable only, to develop part programs for 2d surface machining.(Computer Aided Manufacturing,C. Elanchezhan, G. Shanmuga Sundar )

Manual Data Input:The manual data input mode switch position enables

the programmer/operator to enter an execute commands manually.The keyboard and display screen of the CNC control are used to provide a way to make CNC commands manually in the MDI mode.An MDI mode can be given in order to make manual tool changes involving the T-word and M06.Anything that can be commanded in a CNC programme is possible in MDI mode.(CNC Machining Handbook,James Madison)

Limited Sequence Control(about robots):This is the most elementary control type and can be utilised only for simple motion cycles such as pick and place operations.It is usually implemented by setting limits or mechanical stops for each joint and sequencing the actuation of the joints to accomplish the cycle.(CAD/CAM Concept and Applications,Alavala)

Upset Forging:is a metal shaping process in which a heated piece of uniform thickness is gripped between split female dies while a heading die is forced against the workpiece deforming and enlarging the end of the workpiece.This is a rapid coldforming process.(Manufacturing Processes reference guide Robert H: Todd ,Dell K: Allen,Leo Alting)