Taha Selman Cakir
030070023
6th week

Burger model:

Burger model is a four-unit and four-parameter (E1, E2, n1 and n2) model, which can reflect instant elastic deformation, viscoelastic deformation and viscosity flowing deformation of asphalt mixture under repeated loading. The disadvantage of this model is its incapacity of reflecting deformation characteristics of asphalt mixtures in the entire process of loading and unloading. In order to solve this problem, the four-unit and five-parameter modified Burger model was built, which can better describe the deformation regulation of asphalt mixtures in high temperature.

(Rafiqul A., Pavements and Materials: Testing and Modeling in Multiple Length Scales, 2010, p. 196)

Outsourcing:

Availibility of machines and equipment within the manufacturing facility, and the experience of operating personnel, are important cost factors. If these capabilities are not availible, some parts have to be manufactured by outside companies. Automakers and appliance manufacturers, for example, purchase many parts from outside vendors, or they have them made by outside firms to their specifications.

(Kalpakjian S., Schmid S. R., Manufacturing engineering and technology, Ed.5th, p. 30)

Continuous path robots:

In continuous path robot the tool performs its task, while the robot (its axes) is in motion, like in the case of arc welding, where the welding pistol is driven along the programmed path. All axes of continuous path robots move simultaneously, each with a different speed. The speeds are controlled by storing a large number or close succesion of spatial points in the robot's memory during the teach sequence. During teaching, and while the robot is being moved, the coordinate points in space of each axis are continually monitored and placed into the control system's computer memory. These are the most advanced robots and require the most sophisticated computer controllers and and software development. Continuous path robots are used for arc welding, spray painting, cleaning of metal particles, complex assembly process, surveillance, etc.

(Gupta A.K., Arora S.K., Industrial automation and robotics, 2007, p. 285)

Automatic tool changer:

A variety of machining opertaions means that a variety of cutting tools required. The tools are contained in a tool storage unit that is integrated with the machine tool. When a cutter needs to be changed, the tool drum rotates to the proper position, and an automatic tool changer (ATC), operating under part program control, exchanges the tool in the spindle for the tool in the tool storage unit. Capacities of the tool storage unit commonly range from 16 to 80 cutting tools.

(Groover M.P., Automation, production systems, and computer-integrated manufacturing, Ed. 3rd, p. 388)