Anıl Uzal, 030070012, 5th Week

Oxyfuel Gas Cutting:

Oxyfuel gas cutting (OFC) is defined as a group of cutting processes used to sever metals by means of the chemical reaction of oxygen with the base metal at elevated temperatures. The necessary temperature is maintained by means of flames obtained from the combustion of specified fuel gas mixed with pure oxygen — Fig. 1. Oxyfuel gas cutting is based on the rapid formation of iron oxide from the introduction of a high pressure pure oxygen stream into the cutting envelope. Since iron oxide melts at a lower temperature than mild steel, the material is removed from the base metal. (J. Donaghy, Welding Journal-New York, December 1995, page 55)

Work Sampling:

Work sampling is the process of making sufficient random observations of an operator’s activities to determine the relative amount of time the operator spends on the various activities associated with the job. Although it is not the express purpose of work sampling to determine how long specific tasks should take, work sampling data, when coupled with historical production data for key volume indicators and performance levelling, can provide information that can be used to establish standards. The major goal of work sampling, however, is to determine the proportion of the workday spent on certain types of work. (Hwaiyu Geng, Manufacturing Engineering Handbook, p. 53.12)

Line Balancing:

Given a target production rate and the number of working hours available, the planner calculates the work content of the process and breaks it into meaningful work assignments. In this way, the required number of operators and workplaces is determined, along with the flow of materials between them. Assumptions or calculations must be made to establish the time that will be lost to breaks and to nonvalue-adding tasks such as material handling, housekeeping, and the like. The formal name for this process is “line balancing”. A good line balance achieves the desired production rate with the minimum number of operators and minimal idle time. (Hwaiyu Geng, Manufacturing Engineering Handbook, p. 52.7)

Foundrymen:

As a production process, casting is usually carried out in a foundry. A foundry is a factory equipped for making molds, melting and handling metal in molten form, performing the casting process, and cleaning the finished casting. The workers who perform the casting operation in these factories are called foundrymen. (Groover M.P., Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems 3^rd Edition, page 197)