Buğra Cengiz 030060178

Pareto Chart



A Pareto chart is a special form of histogram, in which attribute
data are arranged according to some criterion such as cost or value. When appropriately
used, it provides a graphical display of the tendency for a small proportion of a given population
to be more valuable than the much larger majority. This tendency is sometimes referred
to as Pareto's Law, which can be succinctly stated: "the vital few and the trivial
many.") The "law" was identified by ViJfredo Pareto (1848-1923), an Italian economist and
sociologist who studied the distribution of wealth in Italy and found that most of it was held
by a small percentage of the population.

Groover, Automation Production Systems And CIM, P.679



Normalizing

Normalizing or normalizing annealing is a heat treatment process consisting of austenitizing
at temperatures of 30–808C (86–1768F) above the Ac3 transformation temperature (for hypoeutectoid steels) followed by slow cooling (usually in air), the aim of which is to obtain a
fine-grained, uniformly distributed, ferrite–pearlite structure.
Normalizing is applied mainly to unalloyed and low-alloy hypoeutectoid steels. For
hypereutectoid steels normalizing is performed only in special cases, and for these steels the
austenitizing temperature is 30–80 8C (86–1768F) above the Ac1 transformation temperature

George E.Totten , Ph.D., FASM, Steel Heat Treatment Handbook, P.334



Isothermal annealing
 another variant of full annealing. The reheating and holding steps are
similar to that of full annealing, followed by cooling the workpiece very rapidly to a temperature
just below the transformation range and holding it at this temperature for 1 h or more, to allow
complete transformation of the austenite to ferrite–pearlite or pearlite–cementite. Air-cooling
follows this holding step. The isothermal process is useful for small parts where the cooling rate
from the homogenization temperature can be achieved.

George E.Totten , Ph.D., FASM, Steel Heat Treatment Handbook, P.691


Linear Interpolation Motion

G01

Block must include x-y-z coordinetes of end position. Fead
rate must also be specified.

Groover, Automation Production Systems And CIM, P.162