Gökhan GÜNGÖR 514101006 (4th Week Terms)

1. Transfer molding
2. Injection molding of thermoplastics
3. Thermoforming
4. Metal sawing
5. Hacksaw blades
6. Elevated temperature machining
7. Gun drills
8. Turret press
9. Squaring shears
10. Knuckle-joint press

Onur OZAYDIN_4th_Week_UNANSWERED_TERMS

Onur OZAYDIN_4th_Week_UNANSWERED_TERMS

@ FIXTURE

A DEVICE WHICH HOLDS A WORKPIECE IN POSITION IN A MEDICINE TOOL FOR MACHINING, THE WORKPIECE MUST BE HELD IN A PRECISE POSITION, WITH NO ROOM FOR SLIPPAGE, SO IF THE SHAPE IS AT ALL COMPLEX, A SPECIAL FIXTURE IS USUALLY BUILT TO HOLD THE PIECE. ONE CHALLENGE IN THE AUTOMATION OF SMALL-BATCH MANUFACTURING IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLEXIBLE FIXTURING SYSTEMS THAT CAN ADAPT TO A WIDE VARIETY OF DIFFERENTLY SIZED AND SHAPED WORKPIECES.

(REF : CIM HANDBOOK, V.DENIEL HUNT, CHAPMAN AND HALL, 1989, PAGE 303)

@INTERFACE

LITERALLY, A SHARED BOUNDARY. AN INTERFACE BETWEEN TWO COMPUTER SYSTEMS, SUCH AS INTELLIGENT MACHINE CONTROLLERS, INVOLVES A METHOD FOR PASSING COMMANDS, RESPONSES, AND DATA FROM ONE SYSTEM TO ANOTHER. WHEN THE TWO COMPUTES ARE NOT INHERENTLY COMPATIBLE, THE INTERFACE BECOMES A “TRANSLATOR” BETWEEN THE TWO SYSTEMS. AN INTERFACE CAN ALSO HAVE A PHYSICAL COMPONENT-THE PROPER SET OF CONNECTORS, VOLTAGE LEVELS, AND SO FORTH NECESSARY TO HOOK TWO SYSTEMS TOGETHER. THE COMMON THREE-PRONG ELECTRICAL PLUG IS AN EXAMPLE OF A STANDARDIZED INTERFACE USED IN RESIDENTIAL ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS.

(REF : CIM HANDBOOK, V.DENIEL HUNT, CHAPMAN AND HALL, 1989, PAGE 304)

Buğra Cengiz 030060178

Pareto Chart



A Pareto chart is a special form of histogram, in which attribute
data are arranged according to some criterion such as cost or value. When appropriately
used, it provides a graphical display of the tendency for a small proportion of a given population
to be more valuable than the much larger majority. This tendency is sometimes referred
to as Pareto's Law, which can be succinctly stated: "the vital few and the trivial
many.") The "law" was identified by ViJfredo Pareto (1848-1923), an Italian economist and
sociologist who studied the distribution of wealth in Italy and found that most of it was held
by a small percentage of the population.

Groover, Automation Production Systems And CIM, P.679



Normalizing

Normalizing or normalizing annealing is a heat treatment process consisting of austenitizing
at temperatures of 30–808C (86–1768F) above the Ac3 transformation temperature (for hypoeutectoid steels) followed by slow cooling (usually in air), the aim of which is to obtain a
fine-grained, uniformly distributed, ferrite–pearlite structure.
Normalizing is applied mainly to unalloyed and low-alloy hypoeutectoid steels. For
hypereutectoid steels normalizing is performed only in special cases, and for these steels the
austenitizing temperature is 30–80 8C (86–1768F) above the Ac1 transformation temperature

George E.Totten , Ph.D., FASM, Steel Heat Treatment Handbook, P.334



Isothermal annealing
 another variant of full annealing. The reheating and holding steps are
similar to that of full annealing, followed by cooling the workpiece very rapidly to a temperature
just below the transformation range and holding it at this temperature for 1 h or more, to allow
complete transformation of the austenite to ferrite–pearlite or pearlite–cementite. Air-cooling
follows this holding step. The isothermal process is useful for small parts where the cooling rate
from the homogenization temperature can be achieved.

George E.Totten , Ph.D., FASM, Steel Heat Treatment Handbook, P.691


Linear Interpolation Motion

G01

Block must include x-y-z coordinetes of end position. Fead
rate must also be specified.

Groover, Automation Production Systems And CIM, P.162

Burcu Atay, 140060029, 4th week

Slip Casting

Forming a hollow ceramic part by introducing a pourable slurry into a mold. The water in the slurry is extracted into the porous mold, leaving behind a drier surface. Excess slurry can then be decanted.

(Askeland, D.R.,The Science and Engineering of Materials,3rd Edition,PWS Publisihing Company, pg.464)

edit:

Green compacts for tungsten, molybdenum, and other powders are sometimes made by slip casting. The powder, converted to slurry mixture, is first poured into a plaster of Paris mold. Because the mold is porous, the liquid gradually drains off into the plaster leaving a solid layer of material deposited on the surface of the mold. For hallow objects, after sufficient time has been allowed for a desired thickness to accumulate, the remaining slurry is poured out. Upon drying the green components are sintered in the usual manner. This procedure is simple and permits considerable variation in size and shape.

Increasing emphasis is being directed to this process because parts can be made that are too large or too complex to pres. An expensive pres is not required, and improved physical properties are additional advantages. The principal disadvantage is time lag in producing parts.

(Amstead, B.H., Ostwald P.F., Begeman, M.L., Manufacturing Processes, 8th Edition, John Wiley & SOns, Inc, pg.202)

Hot Pressing

Hot pressing is similar to dry pressing, except that the process is carried out at elevated temperatures, so that sintering of the product is accomplised simultaneously with pressing. This eliminates the need for seperate firing step in the sequence. Higher densities and finer grain size are obtained, but die life is reduced by the hot abrasive particles against the die surfaces.

(Groover, M.P., Fundamentals of modern manufacturing: materials, processes, and systems,4th Edition, pg. 377)

Hemming

Hemming involves bending the edge of the sheet over on itself, in more than one bending step. This is often done to eliminate the sharp edge on the piece, to increase stiffness, and to improve appearance. Seaming is a related operation in which two sheet-metal edges are assemble.

(Groover, M.P., Fundamentals of modern manufacturing: materials, processes, and systems,4th Edition, pg. 454)

Ultrasonic Cleaning

Ultrasonic cleaning combines chemical cleaning and mechanical agitation of the cleaning fluid to provide a highly effective method for removing surface contaminants.The cleaning fluid is generally an aqueous solution containing alkaline detergents. The mechanical agitation is produced by high-frequency vibrations of sufficient amplitude to cause cavitation-formation of low- pressure vapor bubbles or cavities. As the vibration wace passes a given point in the liquid, the low-pressure region is followed by a high-pressure front that implodes the cavity, thereby producing a shock wave capable of penetrating contaminant particles adhering to the work surface. This rapid cycle of cavitation and implosion occurs throughout the liquid medium, thus making ultrasonic cleaning effective even on complex and intricate internal shapes. The cleaning process is performed at frequencies between 20 and 45 kHz. And the cleaning solution is usually at an elevated temperature, typically 65°C to 85°C(150°F-190°F)

(Groover, M.P., Fundamentals of modern manufacturing: materials, processes, and systems,4th Edition, pg. 670-671)

Evrim Berk 030060161 4th Week

Shop Floor Management: A shop consists of several pieces of manufacturing equipment that are used to process, transport, and store items. Shop Floor Managements System receives inputs from an external system and generates the device-specific instructions necessary to enact individiual manufacturing tasks. Primary inputs to the SFMS are the production reqiurements, which describe the parts to be manufactured, and the resources, which describe the shared resources (items) to be used by the equipment within the shop.

Computer Aided Manufacturing, 2nd Edition, Chang T.C., Wysk R.A., Wang H.P., 1998 Page: 641)

Direct Clustering Algorithm: The alghoritmic procedure is as follows;

Step 1. Calculate the total number of positive cells in row wi,

Step 2. Calculate the total number of positive cells in row wj,

Step 3. For i=1 to n move all columns j, where Mij=1, to the right, maintaining the order of previous rows.

Step 4. For j=m to 1 move all columns i, where Mij=1, to the top, maintaining the order of previous columns.

Step 5. If the current matrix is the same as the previous matrix, stop, or else go to step 3.

(Computer Aided Manufacturing, 2nd Edition, Chang T.C., Wysk R.A., Wang H.P., 1998 Page: 503)

Data Models: IEC defines a wide range of data models. Before a variable can be used, it must be declared as one of the data models. Data models include the following;

SINT, INT, USINT, UINT, REAL, LREAL, TIME, DATE, TOD, STRING, BOOL, BYTE, WORD, LWORD, DT ...

(Computer Aided Manufacturing, 2nd Edition, Chang T.C., Wysk R.A., Wang H.P., 1998 Page: 202)

F-Code: F-Code specifies the feed speed of the tool motion. It is relative speed between the cutting tool and the workpiece. It is typically specified in ipm. From a machinability data hand book, feed is given in ipr. A conversion has to be done either by hand or on-board controller. Some controllers offer a G-Code that specifies the ipr programming mode. When the ipr programming mode is used the tool diameter and the number of teeth must be specified by the operator. The F-Code must be given before G01, G02 or G03 can be used. Feed speed can be changed frequently in a program, as needed. When an F-Code is present in a block, it takes effect immediately.

(Computer Aided Manufacturing, 2nd Edition, Chang T.C., Wysk R.A., Wang H.P., 1998 Page: 367)

Gökhan Güngör (4th week)

1- Automatically Programmed Tool (APT)
2- Process Monitoring
3- Shape Classification
4- Integrated Circuits (IC)
5- Hemming
6- Photopolymer Fabrication
7- Liquid State Deposition
8- Holography
9- Destructive Testing
10- Mock-up

Gökçe Dil 4. week

1. Gauge
2. Backward extrusion
3. Fineblanking
4. Shop floor
5. Coordinate measuring machine
6. Compound die
7. Progressive die
8. QFD (Quality function development) chart
9. Plasma arc welding
10. Honing

Gani Can Öz 503101305 Week 4

1. Thermal Shock
2. Thermal Fatigue
3. Nitriding
4. Carburizing
5. Flame Hardening
6. Surface Roughness
7. Fail-safe Design
8. Safe Life Design
9. Infinite Life Design
10. Damage Tolerant Design

Gani Can Öz

503101305

Onur OZAYDIN___4th Week

1 . Computer Aided Maintenance

2. Single Minute Exchange Die (SMED)

3. Buffer

4. Fixture

5. Harmonic Distortion

6. Interface

7. Turning Center

8. Operating System

9. Component Cost

10. Overhead Cost

503101307 Onur OZAYDIN

A. Selim PARLAKYİĞİT - 4th Week

1. Human Engineering Design
2. Phase-Change Materials
3. Photopolymerization
4. Automated Flow Lines
5. Automatic Identification Systems(AIS)
6. Vertical Integration
7. Product Focused Production Systems
8. Process Focused Production Systems
9. Control Charts
10.Quality-Assurance Inspection