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End Cutting Angle:

The end-cutting-edge-angle is the amount that the end-cutting edge slopes away from the nose of the tool, so that it will clear the finished surface on the workpiece, when cutting with side-cutting edge. The size of this angle is very important, particularly when cutting materials that tend to form a large crater on the face of the tool. This crater will then tend to enlarge toward the end-cutting edge where it will eventually break through and cause the tool to fail.

(Moltrecht K. H., Machine Shop Practice Volume 1, p.182)


Ball Nose Cutter:

Ball nose end mills are among the most commonly and extensively used cutting tools on CNC milling machines and machining centres. They are essential for production of sculptured surfaces required on components such as dies and moulds. Many times these surfaces need ball nose end mills of quite small diameters to cover all the features in the mould. They are subjected to deflection at cutting edge which results in chatter and lower metal removal rates. Normally, solid high speed steel or solid carbide cutters are used. Any breakage or wear results in costly regrinding or replacement of the cutters. To obviate these drawbacks many designs of ball nose end mills with indexable/throwaway inserts have come into vogue. In these type of cutters, an insert of special configurations having the required ball nose radius is clamped in a pocket milled in the body of the end mill. This weakens the cutter at the critical section thus increasing the deflections and reducing the material removal rate.

(Murty R.L., Srihari G., Rao C.S.P., Proceeding of 17th All India Manufacturing Technology Design and Research Conference p.81)