The Pareto principle basically states that 80 percent of the effect is caused by 20 percent of the causes (commonly called the 80/20 rule). The Pareto chart organizes data to show which items or issues have the biggest impact on the process or system (see Fig. 57.3). Then, on the chart, we stratify the data to show the groups, starting with the largest and working down to the lowest number of items in each group. The idea is that by organizing the data in this format, we can develop a plan to work on problems that will give us the biggest return for our process improvement effort
(Hwaiyu Geng, Manufacturing Engineering Handbook, McGrawHill, page 1076 Unit 57.4.5)
Value Stream Mapping (time 9:17am 06.03.2011)
Value stream mapping (VSM) aims to map the relations among entity, material, and information flow. There is the current VSM and the future VSM. In the future VSM you need to identify the result target. In this case, the future does not mean long-term, rather the future state should be what you would like to achieve in three months to a year
Value stream mapping (VSM) aims to map the relations among entity, material, and information flow. There is the current VSM and the future VSM. In the future VSM you need to identify the result target. In this case, the future does not mean long-term, rather the future state should be what you would like to achieve in three months to a year
(Hwaiyu Geng, Manufacturing Engineering Handbook, McGrawHill, page 959 Unit 51.19)
Normalizing ( time 21:34 05.07.2011)
Normalizing. Heating a ferrous alloy to a suitable temperature above the transformation range (and typically above the suitable hardening temperature) and then cooling in air to a temperaturesubstantially below the transformation range.
Normalizing is a process that involves heating the part above the upper critical temperature and then air cooling outside the furnace to relieve residual stresses and for dimensional stability (Fig. 18.16). Normalizing is often considered from both a thermal and microstructural standpoint. In the thermal sense, normalizing is austenitizing followed by cooling in still or slightly agitated air or nitrogen. In a microstructural sense, the areas of the microstructure that contain about 0.8% carbon are pearlitic; while the areas of low carbon are ferritic. A normalized part is very machinable but harder than an annealed part. Good normalizing practice requires:
• The part be uniformly heated to a temperature high enough to cause complete transformation to austenite.
• The part remain at temperature long enough to achieve uniform temperature throughout the section size.
• The part be allowed to cool uniformly in still air to room temperature.
(Hwaiyu Geng, Manufacturing Engineering Handbook, McGrawHill, page 346 Unit 18.6)
Progressive Die (time 9:34 am 06.03.2011)
A progressive die performs multiple operations on a workpiece which remains attached to a carrier strip of parent metal until all operations have been performed. The workpiece moves from die to die in a uniform progression which is typically regulated by a pilot of some type to ensure accurate alignment. Progressive dies are always used in a single press, somewhat limiting the maximum part size that can be processed with this method
A progressive die performs multiple operations on a workpiece which remains attached to a carrier strip of parent metal until all operations have been performed. The workpiece moves from die to die in a uniform progression which is typically regulated by a pilot of some type to ensure accurate alignment. Progressive dies are always used in a single press, somewhat limiting the maximum part size that can be processed with this method
(Hwaiyu Geng, Manufacturing Engineering Handbook, McGrawHill, page 546 Unit 23.8)
Austempering ve tempering'i 3.5 saat önce paylaştım ve 20.42 itibariyle itu2011cim@gmail.com adresine yolladım. Değiştirmeni tavsiye ederim
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