Standart tooling
Standart tooling is defined as that which is basically off the shelf and may be used by different users or variety of products.standart tooling is usually produced in quantity and the cost is relatively low
(Myer Kutz, Mechanical Engineers' Handbook: Manufacturing and management
p.104)
Roll forging
in roll forging round or flat bar stock is reduced in thickness and increased in length to produce such products as axles tapered levers and leaf sprngs.roll forging is performed on machines that have cylindrical or semi cylindrical rolls, each containing one or more shapedgrooves.A heated bar is inserted between the rolls.When bar encounters a stop, the rolls rotate and the bar is progressively shaped as it is rolled out toward the operator.The piece is then transferred to the next set of grooves, and process repeat until the desired shape and size are produced
(E. Paul DeGarmo, Materials and Processes in Manufacturing p.398)
End cutting angle
End cutting angle provides a clearance between trailing edge of the tool and newly generated work surface, thus reducing rubbing and friction againist the surface.
Mikell P. Groover,Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing,p.559)
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