Processing operations:
Processing operations are required to transform the starting material into the final form. The operations are performed in the particular sequence required to achieve the geometry and condition defined by the design specification.Processing operations include shaping operations, property-enhancing operations and surface processing operations.Shaping operations alter the geometry of starting work material by various methods. Common shaping processes include casting, forging and machining.Property enhancing operations add value to the material by improving its physical properties without changing its shape.Heat treatment is most common example.Surface processing operations are performed to clean, treat, coat, or deposit material onto the exterial surface of the work. Common examples of coating are plating and painting.
(Groover M.P., Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes and Systems, p. 12)
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