Elif Naz Aladağ, 030060027, 11th Week

Magnetic Particle Testing:

Magnetic particle testing (MPT) is used for the testing of materials (ferromagnetic materials) which can be easily magnetized. This method is capable of defecting flaws open-to-surface and just below the surface.

(Raj, B., Jayakumar, T., Thavasimuthu, M., Practical Non-Destructive Testing, p. 17)

Fishbone Diagram:

Fisbone diagrams or cause-and-effect diagrams were developed by Kauro Ishikawa of Tokyo University in 1943 and thus are often called Ishikawa Diagrams. They are also known as fishbone diagrams because of their appearence (in the plotted form). Cause-and-effect diagrams are used to systematically list the different causes that can be attributed to a problem (or an effect). A cause-and-effect diagram can aid in identifying the reasons why a process goes out of control. As such, they should be part of the plan stage of the PDCA Circle.

(Kumar, S., Total Quality Managment, p. 102)

Laser Alloying:

Surface alloying involves spreading of a powder containing alloying elements over the surface to be hardened. Then, the laser beam taverses the surface. The powder and a thin surface layer melt and intermix. After passage of the beam, the surface resolidifies rapidly. A thin layer containing the alloying elements remains, with hardness greater than that of the original material.

(Ready, J., Industrial Applications of Lasers, p.380)

Surrogate Data Test:

The method of surragate data has become a central tool for validating the results of nonlinear dynamic analysis. The surrogate data method tests for a statistical difference between a test statistics (e.g. complexity/fractal metrics) computed for the original time series and for an ensemble of test statistics computed on linearised version of the data, the so-called "surrogate data". The major aspects of the surrogate data that need to be considered are:

1. the definition of the null hypothesis about the nonlinear dynamics underlying a given time series
2. the realization of the null hypothesis, i. e., the generation method for the surrogate data
3. the test statistic.

(Ali-Nait, A., Advanced Biosignal Processing, p. 322)