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VFD:Vacuum florescent displays invented in japan in 1965 and were originally used only in calculators.But now they are a practical display device consisting of flat multi digit panels and is used in audio and video equipment household electronics automobiles office equipment and instrumentation.
VFD tubes operates in the same way with CRTs.The fiament(or filaments) is a very fine wire that is heated to a temperature just below incandescence.At that temperature it remains virtually invisible but it emits thermoelectrons.Accelerated electrons emitted from cathode bombard anode coated with phosphore and phosphor then emits CL.But kinetic energy of accelerated in VFD is much small compared to CRT.In CRTs electron beam constructed into a fine beam is scanned over phosphor layer from top to bottom to produce image while in VFDs electron beam is broadly difused and irradiated layer segmets gives the desired display.(Lumenescence and Display Phosphors :Phonomena and Applications ,Arunachalam Lakshmanan,p:67)
Hot drawing:is a process of making cup shaped or cylindrical form a sheet metal blank which is first heated to a hot working temperature and later placed on a die and a punch is hammered on it from the top resulting into a cup shaped form.(Manufacturing processes 2nd edition,J.P. Kaushish,p:650)
Pendant:is relatively small hand held device that the user plugs into either a usb or serial port connection allowing remote control of machine.Keys on the pendant are able to be programmed or assigned various functions that are normally executed via the keyboard.Customery remote functions typically are :move ,rapid, z touch off routine, pause, stop, file start etc.(CNC Machining Handbook:Building,Programming and Implementation,Alan Overby,p:79)
LaSalle's theorem:is a criteration for the asymptotic stability of a (possibly non linear) dynamical system.(Lecture notes on nonlinear control,University of Notre Dame,Micheal Lennon,lecture 4)