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Tool life (old) -none


Tool life (new) [material property]
Tool life is the time a tool can be reliably used for cutting before it must be discarded or repaired. In other words, tool life is the lenght of time in minutes between two neighbouring changes of the cutting tools. Tool life is important in machining since considerable time is lost whenever a tool is replaced and reset.


Tool life depends on a number of factors that include machine tool, tool material and geometry, work material, cooland and lubricant conditions and other cutting conditions. Recently numerous new tool materials have been especially developed to machine numerous new workpiece materials, and thus the situation of tool wear and tool life becomes further complex


(Machining dynamics: fundamentals, applications and practices Author: Kai Cheng p.142)


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Ultrasonic Staking:(27 March 2011, 03:43 am)(old)

In ultrasonic staking, a thermoplastic stud is melted and reformed to mechanically lock another dissimilar material (usually metal) in place. Staking provides an alternative to welding when the two parts are to be joined are made of dissimilar materials that cannot be welded or when simple mechanical retention of one part to another is adequate. Advantages of staking include short cycle times, tight assemblies with virtually no tendency for recovery, repeatability, design simplicity, and the elimination of consumables such as screws, rivets, adhesives and fasteners.

(Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Plastics Joining: A Practical Guide, p.61-62)



Ultrasonic Staking (new) [manufacturing method]


Ultrasonic staking is another common process that uses ultrasonic energy to join components. It is usually used to mechanically join dissismilar materials. This is accomplished by molding bosses n the thermoplastic part, which are inserted in holes in the second part. Ultrasonic heating and shaping is used to form headslike screw heads) from these bosses. as shown in figure, there is a wide range of possible cross-sectional profiles for staking.

(Plastics and composites welding handbook Author: Avraham Benatar  p.167)
-new definition is more understandable and better
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