Tolga Asa_Week5_030070177

1 .Protractor (measuring device)

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Protractor (18:54 17.03)

Protractor are used for measuring,drawing and laying out angle.Various types of protractors are available such as the simple semi-circular,swinging blade,and bevel.

(Smith R.D.,Peterson J.C.,Mathamatics of Machine Technology,p. 292)

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Protractors.-Protractors are measuring tools used to measure angles. The two basic types of protractors used in the shop are steel protractor and the vernier bevel protractor, Fig 11a and 11b. The basic difference between these two forms of protractor head on a combination square, are accurate to 1deg. While the vernier bevel protractor is accurate to 5’.

( Shop reference for students and apprentices, Edward G. Hoffman,Christopher J. McCauley, p. 187-188 )

2 .Inventory Control (Management, Control System)

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Inventory control

Inventory control is concerned with achieving a balance between two competing objectives 1)minimizing the cost of maintaining inventory and 2) maximizing service to customers.Inventory costs include investment costs,storage costs and the cost of possible obsolescence or spoilage.Investment cost is often dominant factor ; a typical case is when the company invests borrowed money at a certain interest rate in materials that have not yet been delivered to the customer.

(Fundamentals of modern manufacturing;materials,processing and systems , Mikel P.Groover,p.962)

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1.1 Importance and objectives of inventory control


For more or less all organizations in any sector of the economy, Supply Chain Management, i.e., the control of the material flow from suppliers of raw material to final customers, is a crucial problem. The strategic importance of this area is today fully recognized by top management. The total investment in inventories is enormous, and the control of capital tied up in raw material, work-in-progress, and finished goods offers a very important potential for improvement. Scientific methods for inventory control can give a significant competitive advantage. 

( Inventory Control, Axsater S.,  p.1 )

Inventory Model Building 

   An inventory control problem can be solved by using several methods starting from trial-and-error methods to mathematical and simulation models. Mathematical models help in deriving certain rules which may suggest how to minimize the total (or incremental) inventory cost in case of deterministic demand or how to minimize expected cost in case of probalistic demand.

( Operation Research: Inventory Control, Sharma S., p.40)


3. Vendor (Supply Chain)


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You say vendor, I say contractor...in reality I'm talking about any outside entities hired to help you meet the goals of the project. This could include vendors, meaning suppliers of goods or services, who supply the hardware or equipment needed to complete the project. It could also mean a consulting firm you've hired who supplies contract staff with specific skill sets to help complete the project. For the sake of clarity, I'll assume the term vendors and contractors are interchangeable.
( Project manager's spotlight on risk management, Heldman K., p. 89 )


Vendor Partnerships


Sam Walton's extraodinary vision for Wal-Mart was built upon an integrity-based relationship with his suppliers, his associates, and his customers. As Wal-Mart grew larger and technology became more critical, vendor partnerships were necessary in order to manage the supply chain efficiently. With over 100,000 SKUs (stock keeping units) and thousands of stores, vendor management of inventory was the only way Wal-Mart could efficiently keep its shelves in stock. Mr. Sam brought his suppliers in as business partners and both were focused on selling products at retail.

( The 10 Rules of Sam Walton: Success Secrets for Remarkable Results, Michael Bergdahl,Rob Walton, no page number )

4. Autoclave ( Sterilize equipment)

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Autoclave (March 21, 08:30)

An autoclave is an enclosed chamber equipped to apply heat and/or pressure at controlled levels. In FRP composites processing, it is usually a large horizontal cylinder with doors at either end.

(Groover M. P., Fundamentals of modern manufacturing: Materials, processes and systems 3rd edition, p. 327)

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Autoclave


The autoclave is a pressure vessel used in hospitals for sterilizing surgical instruments, dressings, bedding, rubber gloves, or any other materials required to be free from bacterial or similar contamination. They are widely used in medical and dental clinics, surgeries and operatinf room, veterinary clinics, and intensive care units.

A portable autoclave, capable of working at 608F (320C) and 4,000 psi (278 bar), being tested by completely dissolving a sample, contained in a silica tube, in a suitable liquid medium.

( How It Works: Science and Technology, Marshall Cavendish Corporation, p. 190 )

5. Taguchi's Loss Function (Decision Theory)

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Taguchi Loss Function:Taguchi's quadratic loss function is a siöple meaningful function for approximating the quality loss in most situations. It quantifies the variability present in a process. Therefore, it is an effective measure for evaluating the effect of quality improvements, determining the economic consequences of tightening tolerances as a way to improve quality and justifiying the quality improvements.
(Nanua Singh, Computer-Integrated Design and Manufacturing 1996, pg. 354) 

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1.10.5 Taguchi's Loss Function

•    In 1960 Taguchi had shown that if the design intent of the target value was the value at which the design, whether product or process, functioned best, then any deviation from that value meant an incremental deterioration of performance and incurred a loss. This loss was passed on to the next customer, whether internal or external, so that ultimately both the company and society would experience that loss in some way.
• Close to the target value, the loss is minimal, but loss increase parabolically as the deviation no longer acceptable and go for sourcing elsewhere. This concept is shown in Fig. 1.8.

• It can be seen that any deviation from target value of a critical characteristic may now be evaluated not only in dimensional terms but also in financial ones.

( Total Quality Management, Bagad V.S., 1-35)