Inspection Planning
A popular manufacturing development is error free six-sigma manufacturing which seeks to ensure that bad parts are almost never produced. Part inspection is vital for this goal not only to discard bad parts but also to provide closed loop control on the quality of the products being produced. Consequently, inspection planning is treated as an integral part of manufacturing planning. Several research problems remain unresolved in inspection planning. To decide which problem to concentrate on, it should focus on the product characteristics with the greatest influence on a product's performance. At the same time, it should avoid the cost of inspecting characteristics with little significance. Inspection planning is
deeply involved with such product modeling issues as representations of dimensions and tolerances, assembly relationships, and finally, with functions and behaviors of physical configurations.
(Emad Abouel Nasr,Ali K. Kamrani, Computer-Based Design and Manufacturing An Information-Based Approach, pg.77)
A popular manufacturing development is error free six-sigma manufacturing which seeks to ensure that bad parts are almost never produced. Part inspection is vital for this goal not only to discard bad parts but also to provide closed loop control on the quality of the products being produced. Consequently, inspection planning is treated as an integral part of manufacturing planning. Several research problems remain unresolved in inspection planning. To decide which problem to concentrate on, it should focus on the product characteristics with the greatest influence on a product's performance. At the same time, it should avoid the cost of inspecting characteristics with little significance. Inspection planning is
deeply involved with such product modeling issues as representations of dimensions and tolerances, assembly relationships, and finally, with functions and behaviors of physical configurations.
(Emad Abouel Nasr,Ali K. Kamrani, Computer-Based Design and Manufacturing An Information-Based Approach, pg.77)
Inspection Planning (Newer) (Manufacturing Qualtiy Process)
RBI) has become a topic of large interest for offshore facilities in view of the increasing demands~and therefore by legal authorities! on one hand and of the increasing complexity. A majority ofan informal decision analysis is
Risk-based inspection planning (
on the safety of the installations by the society
of the installations on the other hand. A large number of publications have addressed the subject during the last two decades and different methodologies have been applied by the industry. The presented approaches are ranging from fully qualitative to fully quantitative approaches to maintenance priorization. Quantitative approaches to inspection and maintenance planning
based on structural reliability analysis and quantitative risk analysis have been developed during the last 15 years the publications on quantitative inspection and maintenance planning deal with the analysis of the inspections for hot spots individually and so far applicable formulations for RBI were presented only for the treatment on a component-by-component basis. The effect of dependencies of one hot spot on another has been investigated in some studies, proposed where the number of considered elements is reduced in a consistent and systematical way. However, due to numerical effort and stability, such approaches have not been demonstrated to be practical. To the authors knowledge, an integrated and applicable approach to the decision problem has not been described so far, even though its importance is emphasized in many publications.
(D. Straub, M. Faber , System Effects in Generic Risk-Based Inspection Planning)
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Generative Process Planning (GPP) (Better)GENPLAN is an acronym for GENerative process PLANning system, developed ar Lockheed, Georgia (Tulkoff, 1981). It is one of the most sophisticated generative systems. It uses a Group Technology-based coding scheme that covers both part geometry and process variables to generate comprehensive operations. GENPLAN is oriented towards a spesific environment. The initial GENPLAN was developed in 1976 based on CAM-I's CAPP system. At present, it has been split into two parts, Fabrication GENPLAN and Assembly GENPLAN. GENPLAN is being integrated with other companies's systems to increase the efficiency of the enterprise, such as interfacing it with a management decision support system, an automatic shop loading and scheduling system, and a tool order processing and accountability system.
(Zhang, H-C, Alting, L., Computerized manufacturing process planning systems, 1994,Chapman & Hall,1st Edition, pg. 210-211)
Generative Process Planning (GPP) (Newer) (Manufacturing Process)
Early version of generative process planning system used decision tables and decision trees to capture the manufacturing logic, and GT code or specially developed languages to provide a precise decription of the part. DCLASS, APPAS and GPP are some of the systems of this kind. With the advent of CAD databases and wire frame solid modelling, generative process planning systems are being developed using this as the approach. (S. Kumar, K. Shanker, A Generative Process Planning System for Cold Extrusion, INT. J. PROD. RES., 2003, VOL. 4 1 , NO. 2, 2 6 9 - 2 9 5)
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Drilling Operation (Newer) (Manufacturing Process)
Creating a round hole is one of the most fundamental and common operations in manufacturing. The most common operation used the create holes is drilling. Drilling operations can be accomplished with equipment ranging from a battery powered hand drill to a machining center. A speciality tool called drill press is frequently used for non production drilling wwork. The basic process of drilling, however, is defined more by the cutting tool (drill than the machine that rotates the drill. (J. Barry DuVall and R. Hillis, Manufacturing Processes, 2nd edition pg. 282)
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Machining Operations (Newer) (Better) (Manufacturing Process)
Machining is the process of removing unwanted material from a workpiece in the form of chips. If the workpiece is a metal, the process is often called metal cutting metal removal. U.S. Industries annually spend $60 billion to perform machining operations because the vast majority of manufactured products require machining at some stage in their production, ranging from relatively rough or nonprecision work, such as cleanup of casting or forgings, to high precision work involving tolerances of 0.0001 in. or less and high-quality finishes. Thus machining operations undoubtedly is the most important of the basic manufacturing processes. Operation is divided into seven basic process such as shaping, drilling, turning, milling, sawing, broaching, and abrasive machining. (E. Degarmo, J. Black, R. Kohser, Materials and Process in Manufacturing, (th Edition pg. 18)
(I couldn't find old one )
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Derivative system for capp systems: Also called the vairent system, these computer files contain a standard process plan for the part to be manufactured.A search for a standard plan (based on its shape and its manufacturingcharacteristics is made in the database by a code number for the part. The plan is retrieved, displayed for review and printed as arouting sheet. The variant process plan includes information such as the types of tools and machines to be used, the sequence of manufacturing operations to be performed, the speeds, the feeds, and the time required for each sequence. Minor modifications of an existing process plan (which usually are necessary) also can be made. In the variant system, if the standard plan for a particuar part is not in the computer file, a plan that is close to it(with similar code number and existing routing sheet) is retrieved. If a routing sheet does not exist, one is made for the new part and stored in computer memory.(Serope Kalpakjian-Steven R. Schmid p:1205)
Derivative system for CAPP systems (Newer) (Better) (Computerized Manufacturing)
In the variant system (derivative system); computer files contains a standard process plan for the part to be manufactured the search for a standard plan is met in the database by a code number for the parts the plane is based on its shape and its manufacturing characteristics
the process plan includes informations such as the types of tools and machines to be used the sequences of manufacturing system operations to be performed, the speeds and, the feeds the time required for each sequences, miner modifications of an existing process plan can also be made of a routing sheet doesn't exist, one is made for the new part and stored in computer memory. ( R. Kesevan, T. Selwyn, Engineering Economics and Financial Accounting, Sc. 12-4)
Generative Process Planning (GPP) (Better)GENPLAN is an acronym for GENerative process PLANning system, developed ar Lockheed, Georgia (Tulkoff, 1981). It is one of the most sophisticated generative systems. It uses a Group Technology-based coding scheme that covers both part geometry and process variables to generate comprehensive operations. GENPLAN is oriented towards a spesific environment. The initial GENPLAN was developed in 1976 based on CAM-I's CAPP system. At present, it has been split into two parts, Fabrication GENPLAN and Assembly GENPLAN. GENPLAN is being integrated with other companies's systems to increase the efficiency of the enterprise, such as interfacing it with a management decision support system, an automatic shop loading and scheduling system, and a tool order processing and accountability system.
(Zhang, H-C, Alting, L., Computerized manufacturing process planning systems, 1994,Chapman & Hall,1st Edition, pg. 210-211)
Generative Process Planning (GPP) (Newer) (Manufacturing Process)
Early version of generative process planning system used decision tables and decision trees to capture the manufacturing logic, and GT code or specially developed languages to provide a precise decription of the part. DCLASS, APPAS and GPP are some of the systems of this kind. With the advent of CAD databases and wire frame solid modelling, generative process planning systems are being developed using this as the approach. (S. Kumar, K. Shanker, A Generative Process Planning System for Cold Extrusion, INT. J. PROD. RES., 2003, VOL. 4 1 , NO. 2, 2 6 9 - 2 9 5)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Drilling Operation (Newer) (Manufacturing Process)
Creating a round hole is one of the most fundamental and common operations in manufacturing. The most common operation used the create holes is drilling. Drilling operations can be accomplished with equipment ranging from a battery powered hand drill to a machining center. A speciality tool called drill press is frequently used for non production drilling wwork. The basic process of drilling, however, is defined more by the cutting tool (drill than the machine that rotates the drill. (J. Barry DuVall and R. Hillis, Manufacturing Processes, 2nd edition pg. 282)
(I couldn't find old one )
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Machining Operations (Newer) (Better) (Manufacturing Process)
Machining is the process of removing unwanted material from a workpiece in the form of chips. If the workpiece is a metal, the process is often called metal cutting metal removal. U.S. Industries annually spend $60 billion to perform machining operations because the vast majority of manufactured products require machining at some stage in their production, ranging from relatively rough or nonprecision work, such as cleanup of casting or forgings, to high precision work involving tolerances of 0.0001 in. or less and high-quality finishes. Thus machining operations undoubtedly is the most important of the basic manufacturing processes. Operation is divided into seven basic process such as shaping, drilling, turning, milling, sawing, broaching, and abrasive machining. (E. Degarmo, J. Black, R. Kohser, Materials and Process in Manufacturing, (th Edition pg. 18)
(I couldn't find old one )
----------------------------------------------------------------
Derivative system for capp systems: Also called the vairent system, these computer files contain a standard process plan for the part to be manufactured.A search for a standard plan (based on its shape and its manufacturingcharacteristics is made in the database by a code number for the part. The plan is retrieved, displayed for review and printed as arouting sheet. The variant process plan includes information such as the types of tools and machines to be used, the sequence of manufacturing operations to be performed, the speeds, the feeds, and the time required for each sequence. Minor modifications of an existing process plan (which usually are necessary) also can be made. In the variant system, if the standard plan for a particuar part is not in the computer file, a plan that is close to it(with similar code number and existing routing sheet) is retrieved. If a routing sheet does not exist, one is made for the new part and stored in computer memory.(Serope Kalpakjian-Steven R. Schmid p:1205)
Derivative system for CAPP systems (Newer) (Better) (Computerized Manufacturing)
In the variant system (derivative system); computer files contains a standard process plan for the part to be manufactured the search for a standard plan is met in the database by a code number for the parts the plane is based on its shape and its manufacturing characteristics
the process plan includes informations such as the types of tools and machines to be used the sequences of manufacturing system operations to be performed, the speeds and, the feeds the time required for each sequences, miner modifications of an existing process plan can also be made of a routing sheet doesn't exist, one is made for the new part and stored in computer memory. ( R. Kesevan, T. Selwyn, Engineering Economics and Financial Accounting, Sc. 12-4)
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