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Production Control (Newer) (Industrial Process)

A typical production planning and control system works according to a multistage, succesive planning strategy and is structured as shown

1-Master production scheduling

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2-Material Planning and lotsizing

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3-Detailed capacity planning

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4-Short range scheduling

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5-Order release

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6-Production and Material control and feedback





(2,3,4 Planning, 5,6 Control)

The process of production planning is divided into the phases of master production scheduling, material planning and lotsizing, detailed capacity planning and short range scheduling. Production control can be divided into order release and production and material control and feedback.

The production control phase parallels the processing of the orders. The availablity of the machinery and material is reviewed during the order release. The order and capacity monitoring follows the production process in order to be able to react to order changes desired by customers or to interruptions in the production process (e.g. machine breakdowns).

(H. TEMPELMEIER, H. KUHN, Flexible Manufacturing Systems, pg.26)

I didn't find old one

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Manufacturing Development (Newer) (Better) (Manufacturing Innovation)

To develop the required manufacturing technologies, the company may find it necessery to undertake a program of manufacturing research and development (R&D). Some of this research is done internally; in other cases projects are contracted to university and commercial research laboratories specializing in the associated technologies. Manufacturing research can take various forms, including the following: Development of new processing technologies, Adaption of existing processing technologies, Process fine-tuning, Software system development, Automation systems development, Operations research and simulation   

Manufacturing Development is applied research. The objective is to develop or adapt a technology or technique that will result in higher profits and a distinctive competitive advantage for the company. (M. Groover, Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 3rd ed. pg.735)

Manufacturing Development (Older)

Manufacturing development is an integral part of the new product development process. Often, a development occurs in a manufacturing vacuum, with the result that the new product might suffer lower than expected gross margin, or worse yet, might fail to capitalize on the market opportunity entirely.

An enterprise cannot add on, factor in at a later date, or ignore the manufacturing process and still reap teh rewards of the product investment. Manufacturing must be an integral process developed as part of the product. When factoring design cost, the manufacturing element represents a significant portion of the direct and indirect costs associated with the product. Failure to address the issue properly results in a nonoptimized situation.

(New Product Development: From İnitial Idea to Product Management, Marc A. Annacchiano, page333)

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PRODUCT DATA EXCHANGE SPECIFICATION (PDES) (Older)

A likely alternative to IGES is the product data exchange specification (PDES) developed by IGES organisation. PDES is aimed at defining a more conceptual model. Parts will be based on solids and defined in terms of features such as holes, flanges, or ribs. Instead of dimensions PDES will define a tolerance envelope for the parts to be manufactured. PDES will also contain non-geometric information such as materials used, manufacturing process and suppliers. PDES will be a complete computer model of the part. ( CAD/CAM/CIM, P. Radhakrishnan S. Subramanian V. Raju,p590)

PDES (Newer) (Better) (Data Transfer Extension)

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is currently involved in developing an international standard called STEP (Standard for transfer and exchange of product model data). STEP is a step for global standardization of exchange of information related to automated manufacturing. PDES stands for product data exchange standard or Product Data Exchange using STEP. ıt's a more comprehensive and complex standard and designed to support various aplications in industry. The fundamental difference between IGES and PDES is that PDES data exchange is done in terms of application, whereas IGES utilizes entities as basic elements. This philosophy is also called discipline models or mental models and is reflected in the PDES three -layer architecture: application layer, logical layer and physical layer. (N. SINGH COMPUTER-INTEGRATED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING, pg.95)

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M- CODE (Newer) (Better) (CNC Programing)

Miscellaneous Function or M Codes, call up miscalleneous function such as tool changes, coolant control, program start, reset, and spindle start&stop,. Common M codes include the following:

M00 Program Stop

M01 Optional Stop

M02 Program End

M03 Spindle Start forward

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M42 High Spindle spped range

(R. Kibbe, R. Meyer, W. White, Machine Tool Practices, 9th edition pg.674)

M-Code:(older)

The M-code is called the miscellaneous word and is used to control miscellaneous functions of the machine. Such functions include turn and the spindle on/off, start/stop the machine, turn on/off the coolant, change the tool and rewind the program (tape).

M-00 program stop

M-01 optional stop

M-02 End of program

M-03 Spindle CW

M-04 Spindle CCW

M-06 Tool Change

M-07 Flood coolant on

M-08 Mist coolant on

M-09 Coolant off

M-30 End of tape

Computer-Aided Manufacturing (Tien Chien Chang, A. Wysk, Hsu-Pın Wang second edition pg:369)

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DCLASS System (Newer) (Computerized Manufacturing System) (Better)

DCLASS, which stands for Decision CLASSification Information System, was developed by D.K. Allen and P.R. Smith at Brigham Young University in 1980. ıt's a computerized method to classify, store and retrieve information efficently and rapidly, to do calculations, and to aid in decision-making.

At the heart of the DCLASS System are trees designed to show relationships and processes. There are five different Tree types with various branch (node) configuretions. The five types of Trees are:

E-Tree (mutually exclusive branching)

N-Tree (non-mutually exclusive multiple path)

C-Tree (combination of E and N Trees)

X-Tree (computer mathematical expressions)

N-Tree (decision tree if... Then)

(L. Alting, H. Zhang, Computerized Manufacturing Process Planning Systems, pg92)

DCLASS System:

The DCLASS system was developed by Del Allen at Brigham Young University (Allen and Smith, 1980). DCLASS was intendedto be a decision-making and classification system (thus the name DCLASS). It is a tree-structured system that can generate codes for components, materials, process, machines and tools. For components, an eight-digit code is used:

Digits 1-3 Basic shape

Digit 4 Form feature

Digit 5 Size

Digit 6 Precision

Digit 7-8 Material

PART FAMILY CODE

A 2 0- 2 - 3 - 2 - A1

A20--BASIC SHAPE

2 --FORM FEATURES

3 --SIZE

2 --PRECISION

A1 --MATERIAL

Computer-Aided Manufacturing (Tien Chien Chang, A. Wysk, Hsu-Pın Wang second edition pg:490)