Buğra Çetinkaya 030070094 4th Week Definitions

1)Parametric Analysis (Group: Programming Method)

Previous Answer
Parametric analysis is a form of desk research that can be used as a tool for both marketing and engineering. It is used to perform a competition analysis by determining the product place in the market relative to the competition. Also, parametric analysis is used to gain insight into the structure and interrelationship between parameters inherent in the product under consideration by identifying the relationships between parameters for the particular product area under consideration. This is done by cross plotting such parameters to see if a relationship exists between them.
(Computer-Based Design and Manufacturing, Emad Abouel Nasr, Ph.D. Ali K. Kamrani, Ph.D., p9)

New/Better Answer

Parametric analysis is used quite often in large- scale linear programming and in nonlinear optimization, where we often find a direction along which the objective function gradient or the right-hand-side vector of the constraints are perturbed and then we seek to ascertain the resulting trajectory of optimal solutions. Hence, we are interested in determining optimal solutions to a class of problems by perturbing either the objective vector or the right-hand-side vector along a fixed direction. Observe that in the latter context, shadow prices can be determined as a special case.

(Mokhtar S. Bazaraa,John J. Jarvis,Hanif D. Sherali, Linear Programming and Network Flows, p.312)

2)Standard Tooling (Group: Manufacturing Step)

Previous Answer
Standard tooling is defined as that which is basically off the shelf and may be used by different users or a variety of products. Standard tooling is usually produced in quantity, and the cost is low.
(Kutz M., Mechanical Engineer's Handbook, Manufacturing and Management, 3rd Edition, P.104)

New/Better Answer

If your setups today use nonstandard tooling, you should standardize all tooling. Standardizing the tooling means you eliminate as many single-application tools as possible. It is common for 80% of all tooling to be standardized. Standardizing of tooling greatly reduces setup time as well as the inventory required. Once tools are standardized, presetting prior to delivery to the cell should be instituted. Typically when tools are installed into machines, there is a lot of time spent setting the length or determining the location of the tool in the spindle in reference to the part in the fixture. Standardizing the lengths and presetting them prior to delivery to the cell will greatly reduce your setup time. This effort should be led by your manufacturing engineering department and should not be limited to the cell.

(Shahrukh A. Irani, Handbook of Cellular Manufacturing Systems, p. 163)

3)The Squaring Shears (Group: Manufacturing Process)

Previous Answer

It has some peculiar parts.The bed is rigid horizontal crossribbed channel section.The top of the bed has two transfer T slots for the front and bevel gauge.It also has graduations for setting the front gauge and a large depression in the center of the bed to give clearence for grasping the metal.The crosshead is the horizontal beam connecting the housing for supporting upper cutting blade and hold down clamp. The housing is made of two vertical standards supporting the crosshead and of truss constructions.THE foot treadle is used to force the cutting blade together when cutting metal.The hold down acts as a clamp for holding the metal in place and serves as a safety guard.The extens ion arms and front brackets are for supporting the front gauge.The two graduation scales for selecting gauges are located conveniently on the top of the bed.The front gauge can be fastened in the T slot on the bracket and for the purpose of making straight or angular cuts.The side gauge is located in each side of the bed and is used for squaring the corners of the sheet metal.The bevel gauge is attached to the bed of shears for making angular cuts.The bac gauge is mounted on the rear of shears and is used for cutting large pieces of metals.(Industrial Technology,J. Dagoon)

New/Better Answer

A very common machine used for cutting sheet metals is the foot-operated squaring shears. (Figure 49) Their sizes are determined by the width of sheets it cuts. The most common sizes are 30 or 36 inches. A back gauge controls the length of cut when the metal is inserted from the front. A front gauge controls the length of cut when the work Is Inserted from the back Most squaring shears have extension arms, although they are not always used. The side gauge is adjustable and is kept at right angles to the cutting blade. The thickness of sheet that can be cut on the squaring shears is usually 18 gauges or lighter.

To achieve maximum benefit in the use of the squaring shears, the following pointers must be considered:

I. In cutting long sheets, insert the metal from the back.

2.. When several pieces of identical shape and size are cut, the graduated scale on the top of the bed must be used.

3. The left edge of the sheet should be firmly pressed against the left gauge and the end of the sheet against the front gauge.

4. Press the sheet down on the bed with both hands. Then apply pressure to the foot pedals by the left or right foot. Fingers must be away from cutting blade at all times.

(Emmanuel F.Nino, Workshop Theory and Practice, pp.20-21)

4)Acquiring Information (Group: Markettig)

Previous Answer
Different types of information are needed to recognize a need or market opportunity. This information includes all the necessary information about similar products (competitive products) obtained from published reference books, handbooks, and manufacturers catalogs. It is essential to obtain information about registered designs, trademarks, patents, and copyrights. This information will be analyzed to establish a competition analysis through a benchmarking study.
(Computer-Based Design and Manufacturing, Emad Abouel Nasr, Ph.D. Ali K. Kamrani, Ph.D., p 8-9)

New/Better Answer

Personnel who are involved in breach of security and leakage of information either in Public or Private sectors are adequately trained in various clandastine activities. They can easily judge a person who can be used for passing on valuable information or can act as an agent for arranging a meeting with such person. Their main interest generally arc:

1. Defence strategies and planning.

2. Defence Preparedness in terms of equipments and scores and information technology' sectors.

3. Leakage of secret nature manufacturing processes.

4. Information on Research and Development in various equipments and other highly competitive consumer goods.

5. Information on Nuclear Technology and space Research Programmes.

In order to acquire the above information from various offices, Research and Development units and other manufacturing installations, the following means are adopted:

1. Becoming friendly with persons who have either access or handling valuable information including files, etc.

2. Gaining an entry into such offices, organizations and units in the garb of employee. vendor or visitor, etc.

3. Operating as Newspaper vendor, auto repair shop or small tea shop next to such important offices/installations.

4. Listening carefully to the careless-conversations among employees and extracting required information.

5. After gaining some information, then using it to bribe the concerned person or blackmailing to extract more information.

6. Posing as influential person in political circles, business world and bureaucratic circles.

7. Arranging valuable gifts and lavish parties for concerned personnel and for their families.

(R.P. Sharma, Industrial Security Management, pp. 42-43)

5)Closed Mold (Group: Manufacturing Process)

Previous Answer
To accomplish a casting operation, the metal is first heated to a temperature high enough to completely transform it into a liquid state. It is then poured, or otherwise directed, into the cavity of the mold.In a closed mold, a passageway, called the gating system, is provided to permit the molten metal to flow from outside the mold into the cavity. The closed mold is by far the more important category in production casting operations.
(Mikell P. Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing,3rd Edition,pg.197)

New/Better Answer

These molding operations are performed in molds consisting of two sections that open and close during each molding cycle. The name matched die molding is used for some of these processes. One might think that a closed mold is about twice the cost of a comparable open mold. However, tooling cost is even greater due to the more complex equipment required in these processes. Despite their higher cost, advantages of a closed mold are good finish on all part surfaces, higher production rates, closer control over tolerances, and more complex three-dimensional shapes are possible. We divide the closed mold processes into three classes based on their counterparts in conventional plastic molding, even though the terminology is often different when polymer matrix composites are molded: compression molding, transfer molding, and injection molding.

(Mikell P. Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems, p.327)