Fatih GÜNDÜZ 030060144 2nd Week

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): (Previous)(Better)

Beginning in 1990s, enterprise resource planning (ERP) became an important trend. It is basically an extension of MRP-II, and although there are variations, it also is a method for effective planning and control of all the resources needed in a business enterprise (i.e., companies) to take orders for products, produce them, ship them to the customer, and service them. ERP thus attempts to coordinate, optimize, and dynamically integrate all information sources and the widely diverse technical and financial activities in a manufacturing organization.
(Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R., Manufacturing engineering and technology, p 1206)

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): (New)(Management Systems)

Companies, public or private, whether in manufacturing or service sector, have always been searching for the ''total solution''. MRP II, the closed-loop manufacturing resources planning problems not as long ago, has now become only a subset of this overall objective. Today the entire enterprise must be managed within a more global, tightly integrated, closed-loop solution. This expanded functionality can be callad Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP).
(Enterprise Resource Planning: Concepts and Practice, Vinod Kumar Garg,N. K. Venkitakrishnan, p.4)

Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II): (Previous)(Better)

Manifacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) is a method for the effective planning of all resources of a manufacturing company. It is made up of a variety of interlinked functions, such as:

1- Strategic and Business Planning

2-Demand Management

3-Sales and Operational Planning (S&OP)

4-Master Production SchedulingScheduling (MPS) with Rough-Cut Capacity Planning

5-Material Reuirements Planning (MRP I)

6-Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP) and Vendor Requirements Planning (VRP)

MRP II is an approach to managerial planning execution, and control of productive activity. It integrates in a closed loop or feedback manner, the forecasting of demand, production planning, production scheduling, production activity control and purchase planning or control. MRP II software can relate many information needs of all the functions and departments,including purchasing, accounting, payroll, distribution, marketing, engineering, measurement, planning, evalution and control. MRP II is an explicit and formal manufacturing information system that integrates marketing, finance and operations.

(Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II): With an introduction to ERP, SCM and CRM, Khalid Sheikh, p.63)

Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II): (New)(Manegements Systems)

Like MRP-I, MRP-II focuses on the manufacturing process. The next stages of MRP-II evolution was just in time (JIT) methodology in the late 1980's. MRP-II(manufacturing resource planning) is a method to plan all resources for a manufacturer. a variety of business functions are tied into MRP-II systems include order processing as in MRP, business planning, sales and operations planning, production plans, master production scheduling, capacity requirements planning, and capacity planning. MRP-II systems are integrated with accounting and finance subsystems to produce reports including business plans, shipping budgets, inventory projections, and purchase plans. A major purpose of MRP -II is to integrate primary functions (i.e. production, marketing, and finance) and other functions such as personel engineering and purchasing into the planning process to improve the efficiency of the manufacturing enterprise.

(Enterprise Information Systems: Contemporary Trends and Issues,

David L. Olson,Subodh Kesharwani, p.47)

Vision sensors: (Previous)

Enable a robot to see an object and generate
adjustments suitable for object manipulation; include dissectors,
flying-spot scanners, vidicons, orthicons, plumbicons,
and charge-coupled devices.
(Sabrie Soloman, Sensors and Control Systems in Manufacturing 2nd. ed., pg.412)

Vision sensors: (New)(Better)(Control Systems)

The task of a camera as a vision sensor is to measure to intensity of the light reflected by an object. To this end, a photosensitive element, termed pixel (or photosite), is employed, which is capableof transforming light energy into electric energy. Different types of sensors are avaible depending on the physical principle exploited to realize the energy transformation. The most widely used devices are CCD and CMOS sensors based on the photoelectric effect of semiconductors.

(Robotics: modelling, planning and control,Bruno Siciliano,Lorenzo Sciavicco,Luigi Villani, p.225)

Electronic Data Interchange(EDI): (Previous)

EDI is aconcept that has been in commercial use fore more tahn 30 years, ıt is widely accepted by companies all over the world as the way to electronically exchange business data.
Over the years ,we have seen a variety of inter pretations of the term EDI. A common and basic defination of EDI is the transfer of business data between computer applicatios using a mutually agreed standard to describe the data contained in the message.

(Implementing EDI Solutions, G. Van de Putte, K. Bathini, K. Chandu, IBM Redbooks, 2003, p.2)

Electronic Data Interchange(EDI): (New)(Better)(Standardization)

EDI is a direct exchange between computer-to-computer of seperate organizations of standarts business documents such as purchase orders, invoices, bills of lading and related business document necessary to perform specific transactions. The transactions are recorded on specific standatized forms that allow for specifying content as well as for checking of content and certain errors. The EDI thus differs from e-mail which is primarily text that may or may not be formated and structured. Also, while e-mail often includes personel correspondence EDI is designed for business information exchange.

(Telecommunications and networks,Khateeb M. Hussain,Donna Hussain, p.188)

Artificial Intelligence: (Previous)(Better)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is that part of computer science concerned with systems that exhibit some characteristics usually associated with intelligence in human behavior (such as learning,reasoning,problem solving,and understanding language). The goal of AI is to simulate such human behaviors on the computer.
(Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R., Manufacturing engineering and technology, 5th Edition, pg. 1230)

Artificial Intelligence: (New)(Computer Systems)

Artificial Intelligence is that part of computer science that makes computers ''think'' and make ''decisions'' like humans. Computer Systems with AI can reason inductively and make decisions when data may change. It is beneficial to imbed AI in equipment when simple decisions have to made frequently by them.

(Encyclopedia of production and manufacturing management,Paul M. Swamidass, p.46)