Hakan YORULMUŞ 030070111 4th week

1)Clinching: (Group: Production method)

(previous)

Clinching is a joining procedure by forming for connecting sheet metals and profiles. At a first glance, the connecting technology in clinching looks similar to the self-piercing riveting with a similar goal. The difference is, however, that when clinching without additional or auxiliary joining elements non-detachable connections are manufactured by local cold forming. The main feature of this joining technology consists in the fact that the form-looking connection is formed out of the material of the partners to be connected.

A characterisation of the clinch joining processes is possible;

1- after the joining part formation: clinching with and without cutting portion

2-after the kinematics of the tool parts: single-and multi-stage clinching

In clinching with cutting function the part to be joined comes under local effect of a comined shearing and clinching procedures and a cold upsetting procedure The sheet metal material shifted from the sheet metal plane is upset so that through widening a force form-locked connection results. Clinching and cutting limit the joining procedure.

In clinching without cutting function a force- and form-locked connection is created in a combined hobbing and clinching procedure (hobbing limits the joining area) as well as a cold upsetting procedure (the clinched material volume is upsetted). For the single- and multi-stage clinching without cutting function appropriate tool systems with and without movable die parts were conceived. While during the single-stage with moving die parts different material flow behaviour of the joining parts is achieved by the deformable lamellaes, this effect, relevant for the formation of a undercut, can be realised in single-stage clinching without moving die parts by an appropriate ring channel in the die.

(Production of Profiles for Lightweight Structures, S. Chatti, p.205)

(new)-Better
Clinching is the alternative to resistance spot welding as a binding process for sheet
metal components. With comparable rigidities, also non-weldable material can be
simply and more securely joined, for example precoated and lacquered sheet metals,
cominations of steel and aluminium and combinations with intermediate layers.
This is one reason why clinching has been implemented as a joining process in other
branches of industry such as the household appliance industry, car body manufacturing
and in ventilation and air conditioning technology. Mechanical joining offers even
more substantial advantages:
– joining connections simply via material forming only
– no heat effects, which lead to tension in the component
– economical joining connection without prone-to-wear components (compare
welding caps)
– low energy costs for joining process
Clinching is economical; smaller investments – but aboveall lower running costs – distinguish clinching as an economical joining process as compared to spot welding. 
 


Cross section of joining area Material: Aluminium 1.5 mm thick
(Tünkers Ingenuity in Automation.;Joining:Mechanical Joining of Sheet Metal Components using Clinching / Press-joints;pg32)

2) Data Dictionary: (Group: Data managment method)
(prevóus)
Described in this paper is a Data Dictionary/Directory (DD/D) which provides such a method of centralized control over data management.A DD/D is a centralized repository of information about data descriptions such as meaning, relationships to other data, responsibility, origin, usage, and format. It is a basic tool within the database environment that assists company management, data-base administrators, systems analysts, and application programmers in effectively planning, controlling, and evaluating the collection, storage, and use of the data resource. (Uhrowczik, P. P.; IBM Systems Journal, Vol. 12, Issue 4, page 332)
(new)- Better
A data dictionary is a collection of data definitions used by applications to describe and access a database. These definitions do not contain actual data; rather, they comprise standardized "bookkeeping" information about the data (metadata). This includes details on the types, names and structures of all data elements, as well as their interrelationships within the larger context of the database. ProvideX includes several facilities for building and accessing a data dictionary. The primary method for creating/modifying data definitions is via the Data Dictionary Maintenance interface in the NOMADS toolset. Equivalent programmatic access is also available through Data Dictionary Objects. A central repository of data dictionary definitions is maintained in two ProvideX files: providex.ddf, defining all the files (or tables) that belong to the database, and providex.dde, defining specific elements (or columns) that exist within these files. One important feature about the Providex data dictionary is that the definitions stored in the repository are also written directly into the corresponding database files. At the most basic level, a data dictionary is used for Accessing the Data in a database. However, the data dictionary has multiple uses in ProvideX, from rapid application development to the conversion of data.
 (Sage Software Canada Ltd.,Data dicitinary Providex version 7,2005, page3)

3)Foundrymen (Group: Labourer)
(previous)  
As a production process, casting is usually carried out in a foundry. A foundry is a factory equipped for making molds, melting and handling metal in molten form, performing the casting process, and cleaning the finished casting. The workers who perform the casting operation in these factories are called foundrymen. (Groover M.P., Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems 3^rd Edition, page 197)

(new)-Better
 Foundry workers
This unit group includes workers who make foundry moulds and cores by hand or machine, cast molten metal, and operate furnaces in the foundry industry. They are employed by metal foundries and foundry departments of metal products manufacturing companies.
Example titles: bench moulder, casting machine operator, ceramic mouldmaker, die-casting machine operator, foundry worker, furnace operator – foundry,machine coremaker, manual moulder, melter – foundry, metal caster, pit moulder, sand coremaker,sand moulder
Main duties;
The following is a summary of the main duties for some occupations in this unit group:

• Manual mouldmakers make and repair sand moulds using patterns, moulding boxes, sand and hand tools following bench, floor or pit moulding methods; operate ovens to dry moulds; may pour molten metal into moulds to produce metal castings.

• Manual coremakers make cores for use inside moulds to form holes or void spaces in castings using core boxes, sand, hammer and wire or other reinforcing material; coat cores with protective materials and bake cores in oven.

• Machine mouldmakers and coremakers set up, adjust and operate various mouldmaking and coremaking machines to make sand and ceramics moulds and cores.

• Metal casters set up and operate various casting machines to cast ferrous and non-ferrous metal products; hand ladle and pour molten metal into moulds to produce castings.

• Foundry furnace operators operate furnaces used to melt metals for moulding and casting.  

(National Occupational Classification NOC, 2011)