Selin KÖK_030070162_3rd week answer

Corporate Image

(old)

The corporate image comprises all the visual verbal and behavioral elements that make up the organization.If managed effectively it should protect the organization from competition.Therefore a fragile or a stable corporate image influences an organizations sales volume and will also affect the marketability and acceptibility of the company's products,services and human resources.

(Corporate Communication,Identity,Image and Social Responsibility:BMW,Carina Bernt)

(new/better)

Corporate image is an intuitively appealing concept. A favorable image can boost sales through increased customer satisfaction and loyalty. Many firms now realize the importance of actively attracting and retaining highly skilled, quality employees as a necessary component of their competitive advantage.

From early research into corporate image  to the present time,scholars do not agree upon the definition and the operationalization of the term.Nevertheless, research in this area is vital because corporate image is a valuable asset that companies need to manage. A favorable image can boost a firm's sales through increased customer satisfaction and loyalty, as well as attract both investors and future employees. It weakens the negative influence of competitors, enabling organizations to achieve higher levels of profit. 

(Kyung Hoon Kim, Byung Joo Jeon, Hong Seob Jung, Wei Lu, Joseph Jones; Effective employment brand equity through sustainable competitive advantage, marketing strategy, and corporate image, 2011, pg.2,7)

Photoelectric Digital Length Measurement

(old)

This is an instrument that can measure the overall dimensions, thickness, and depth of a variety of parts. Resolution settings can range from 5 to 0.01µm

(Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R., Manufacturing engineering and technology, Ed. 5th, p. 1098)

(new/better)

Digital photoelectric position measuring device of the type comprising a scale, a scanning unit for generating scanning signals, and an evaluating circuit for evaluating  the scanning signals, wherein the scanning unit includes at least one photoelectric circuit comprising a pair of photosensitive elements for generating counterphase scanning signals, and wherein the evaluating circuit includes at leats one pulse forming circuit response to the difference of the counterphase scanning signals.

Figure. A photoelectric digital length measure instrument

(Schmitt, United States Patent, 31 May, 1983)

Spur gear reversal mechanism = Internal spur gear

(old/better)

Spur rear reversal mechanism comprises five gears [Fig. 4.18a]. Gears 'A' and 'D' are keyed onto the driver shaft I.Gear 'B', an idler, can rotate freely on intermediate shaft II. The driven shaft III. is mounted with gears 'C' and 'E', which are free to rotate on the shaft, but cannot move axially. The central part of the special jaw clutch has teeth at both ends. Its internal splines mesh with the splines of the driven shaft. It can be slid axially. When the driving shaft I is rotating, all the gears rotate. Sliding the central part of the jaw clutch towards the left to mesh with the teeth of the half attached to gear 'C', rotates the driven shaft in the same direction as the driver. Meshing the central clutch half with the toothed half on gear 'E', rotates the driven shaft in the opposite direction. Thus, axial motion of the central clutch half reverses the direction of rotation of the driven shaft.


(Joshi P. H., Machine tools handbook: design and operation, p. 341)

(new)

the spur  gear has its teeth parallel to the axis of shaft . If the theeth are cut on the inner surface of an annulus, parallel to its axis, the gear Wheel is called an internal spur gear. When a spur gear mates with an internal gear, their shafts rotate in the same direction, unlike two external spur gears mating with each other.

(R V Dukkipat, Mechanism and Machine Theory, p. 164)

Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)

(old)

Device for studying the surface topography of solid electronic conductors with a lateral resolution better than the atomic size. In STM, a sharp microscope tip is scanned over the specimen surface without touching it, and at the same time, the tunneling current between the tip and the surface atoms, proportional to the distance between them, is recorded. The results obtained are transformed into the images displaying the atomic structure of a clean surface or the adatom

arrangement.

(Scanning Tunneling Microscopy And Its Applications (PG:1))

(new/better)

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that images the sample surface by scanning it with a high-energy beam of electrons in a raster scan pattern. The electrons interact with the atoms that make up the sample producing signals that contain information about the sample's surface topography, composition and other properties such as electrical conductivity.The types of signals produced by an SEM include secondary electrons, back-scattered electrons (BSE), characteristic X-rays, light (cathodoluminescence), specimen current and transmitted electrons.

Lambert M Surhone, Mariam T Tennoe, Susan F Henssonow

Sensors for Automated Inspection

(old)

Directly or indirectly and with the use of various probes, sensors can detect dimensions, surface roughness, temperature, force, power, vibration, tool wear, and the presence of external or internal defects.

Sensors may operate on the principles of strain gages, inductance, capacitance, ultrasonics, acoustics, pneumatics, infrared radiation, optics, lasers, and various electronic gages. Sensors may be tactile (touching) or nontactile. They are linked to microprocessors and computers for graphic data display. This capability allows rapid on-line adjustment any processing parameter, thus resulting in the production of parts that constinently are within specified standards of dimentional tolerance and quality.

(Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R., Manufacturing engineering and technology, Ed. 5th, p.1137)

(new/ better)

Automated inspection systems are placed throughout the manufactoring  process to help improve yield and quality. Manufacturer measure speed as throughput or how many parts they can inspect per hour. 

However there is another way to realize an increase in speed and that is by decreasing the time of the image capture. İmage-sensor technology have allowed camera makers to offer products that directly address this concept. İmage sensorsa re not available that operate at 60 Hz and readout in a progressive scan fashion.

(Terry Guy, Image Sensors Speedup Automated Inspection, june 2005, pg. 2,4,6)