Mehmet Can ÇAPAR 030070131 8th week definitions


1-Magnaplate HMF (Coating Technique)


(old answer)
Coating Description: The coating creates an ultra-hard, mirror-smooth, highly reflective surface that exhibits a uniquely low coefficient of friction, exceptional wear properties and high temperature resistance. Applications: Recommended for packaging machines, closure devices, chutes, hoppers, folders, rolls, lathe beds, ball valves, and areas where high wear is encountered, as well as for products where a microfinish and/or static reduction is vital.

(General Magnaplate Corp., Engineering Date and Application Guide)


(new answer) (better)

     Magnaplate HMF is a proprietary, multi-step coating process that creates an extremely hard (up to an equivalent of Rc 68), mirror-smooth (down to 4RMS), highly-reflective microfinish on the surface of ferrous metal, copper or aluminum alloy components.

     During the multi-step process, using specially developed application equipment, a series of nickel base alloys is co-deposited on the scientifically pre-cleaned and prepared surface of the metal part.

     An exceptionally smooth, slippery surface with an amorphous, non-crystalline structure is created through subsequent steps of hardening and diffusion.

     At various stages in the MAGNAPLATE HMF coating process, a series of independent processing operations creates a unique microfinish that is mirror-smooth. Friction wear is reduced to a minimum.

     The total process gives the part permanent lubricity along with  improved surface hardness, exceptionally good abrasion resistance, and protection against common solvents and corrosion.

      Proprietary engineering polymers may be added when needed for special requirements.

(General Magnaplate Corp., MAGNAPLATE HMF, pg:1)

2-Magnaplate HCR (surface treatment)

(old answer)

Coating Description: High-technology coatings that increase atmospheric corrosion protection beyond all known methods of aluminum treatment while also providing superior coefficient of friction. Applications: MAGNAPLATE HCR on aluminum offers optimum service life for most applications — particularly where corrosion is a problem.

(General Magnaplate Corp., Engineering Date and Application Guide)

(new answer) (better)

Magnaplate HCR is a proprietary surface enhancement technology that produces a harder-than-steel
surface (up to the equivalent of Rc-65) on aluminum parts. In addition, it exhibits extraordinarily improved corrosion resistance over hard anodizing and withstands salt spray (MIL-A-8625 and ASTM B-117) exposure in excess of 15,000 hours. By combining the hardness of aluminum oxide ceramic with the sealing action of metallics and proprietary polymers, it imparts previously unattainable levels of hardness, corrosion resistance, and permanent lubricity to aluminum and aluminum alloy parts.


(General Magnaplate Corp., MAGNAPLATE HCR, pg:1)

3-Hand lay up (Manufacturing Method)


(There is no old answer in system about "hand lay up" but there is "spray up" definition and hand lay up and spray up have almost same meaning)

This represents an attempt to mechanize the application of resin-fiber layers and to reduce the time for lay-up. It is an alternative for step 3 in the hand lay-up procedure. In the spray-up method, liquid resin and chopped fibers are sprayed onto an open mold to build successive FRP laminations, as in Figure 15.5. The spray gun is equipped with a chopper mechanism that feeds in continuous filament rovings and cuts them into fibers of length 25-75 mm (1-3 in) that are added to the resin stream as it exits the nozzle. . The mixing action results in random orientation of the fibers in the layer—unlike hand lay-up, in which the filaments can be oriented if desired. Another difference is that the fiber content in spray-up is limited to about 35% (compared to a maximum of around 65% in hand lay-up). This is a shortcoming of the spraying and mixing process.

Spraying can be accomplished manually using a portable spray gun or by an au­tomated machine in which the path of the spray gun is preprogrammed and computer controlle'd. The automated procedure is advantageous for labor efficiency and environ­mental protection. Some of the volatile emissions from the liquid resins are hazardous, and the path-controlled machines can operate in sealed-off areas without humans present. However, rolling is generally required for each layer, as in hand lay-up.

Products made by the spray-up method include boat hulls, bathtubs, shower stalls, automobile and truck body parts, recreational vehicle components, furniture, large struc­tural panels, and containers. Movie and stage props are sometimes made by this method. Since products made by spray-up have randomly oriented short fibers, they are not as strong as those made by lay-up, in which the fibers are continuous and directed.

(Mikell P. Groover,Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing,4th Edition,pg.325-326)

(new answer)

The hand lay-up technique is also called connect contact moulding or hand laminating technique. It is one of the oldest, simplies and most commonly used manufacturing methods of fibre reinforced composite materials. Its use with organic resins like polyester or epoxy, and glass fibres, is widespread, and different products such as boat hulls, wind turbine blades, aircraft wing, train noses , car and truck bodies, swimming pools, an deven complete minesweepers are manufactured. It is however not commonly used for cementitious matrix materials. One of the reasons for this is that the reinforcing fibres must be present in some kind of textile shape, which is not compatible with the traditional concrete casting technology.

(Wolfgang Brameshube, Report 36: Textile Reinforced Concrete - State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM TC, pg:59).

4- Structural adhesives (joining supprter material)


(old answer) (better)
Structural adhesives are distinguished from other adhesives by being high strenght materials that are designed to support loads, often substantial loads.These adhesives are also often subjected to cycling high and low temperatures and aggressive fluids or the weather.In general they are used for the bonding of rigid structures although some degree of flexibility and toughness is often desirable in adhesives to counter the effects of movement impact or vibration.
(Engineering and structural adhesives,D.J.Dunn,p:3)

(new answer)

     The term structural adhesive covers many basic chemical classes of adhesives. Also, within chemical chemical classes the may be both structural and non-structural adhesives, e.g. not all polyurethane adhesives are structural; some are sealants having some adhesion characteristics. As such, information is restricted to those types of adhesives used, or promoted for use, in structural applications. In some cases, the dividing line between sealants and adhesive becomes ‘blurred’. For example, silicone-based materials may be used as adhesives or as sealants. In many applications, the ability of an adhesives to also ‘seal’ a joint against the environment is an important advantage, avoiding leakage or crevices where corrosion could occur.
      What follow is a broad overview of the characteristic of the chemical classes of structural adhesives descrşbed in the book. Technical terms have been kept to a minimum such that it serves as an introductory guide rather than an in-depth description of the complexities of adhesive formulation.

(Bob Hussey, Structural Adhesives Directory And Databook, pg:1)

5- Magnadize (coating method)

(old answer)

A system for hardfacing magnesium has been developed which is basically an electrochemical process. The synergistic coating system is still far the best for a wear application, however, and special fluoropolymers or dry lubricants are infused into the hardfacing. For magnesium the thickness can vary from a minimum of 0.0002 in. to a maximum exceeding 0.00 15 in. Normal application thickness is approximately 0.0005-0.00 I in. A typical application for Magnadize would be a magnesium engine mount for aircraft. The entire mount would be hardcoated, and the gear spline would receive dry lubricant to improve the efficiency of the part.

(new answer) (better)

Since magnesium and titanium are widely used materials, especially in the field of aerospace and computers, their users often are confronted with very severe problems.
A system for hardfacing each material has been developed that is basically an electrochemical process.
The synergistic coating system is still far the best for a wear application, however, and special fluoropolymers or dry lubricants are infused into the hardfacing. For magnesium the synergistic coating is called
Magnadize, and for titanium it is called Canadize.
For magnesium the thickness can vary from a minimum of 0.0002 in. to a maximum exceeding 0.0015
in. Normal application thickness is approximately 0.0005 to 0.001 in.
It is more difficult to build up thickness for titanium, so the normal application thickness is between
0.0002 and 0.0005 in.
A typical application for Magnadize would be a magnesium engine mount for aircraft. The entire
mount would be hardcoated, and the gear spline would receive dry lubricant to improve the efficiency
of the part.
A classic application for Canadizing is titanium hardware for aircraft. Such components are anodized
with an infusion to a thickness of 0.0002 to 0.0004 in. to prevent the titanium from seizing.
(Coating Technology Handbook 2. Edition,D. Satas, Arthur A. Tracton ; Page: 34-4)