Bahadır Coşkun 030070008 (3rd Week)

Innovation

Innovation is about having and applying a new idea, or sometimes applying other peoples ideas in new and novel ways. As aptly noted by Michael Vance:

“innovation is the creation of the new or the re-arranging of the old in a new way.”

In a mundane sense at many points in our lives, we are all innovators. The challenge arises when innovation is about an idea that is implemented successfully resulting in a positive outcome. For a firm this connected to the launching new products or improving on an existing product. Sometimes it involves organizational innovation that enhances firm efficiency. At a macro level, innovation is intimately connected to economic growth and welfare

(Sarkar S., Innovation, Market Archetypes and Outcome, 2007, p. 1)

Stable Schedule

Lean Production requires a stable schedule over a lenthy time horizon. This is accomplished by level scheduling, freeze windows, and under-utilization of capacity. A level schedule is one that requires material to be pulled into final assembly in a pattern uniform enough to allow the various elements of the production to respond to pull signals. Id does not necessarily mean that the usage of every part on an assembly line is identified hour by hour for days on end; it does not mean that a given production system equipped with flexible setups and a fixed amount of material in the pipelines can respond.

(Sinha P. K., Manufacturing and Operations Management, 2008, section 9-12)

JIT firms require a stable schedule over a lengthy time horizon. This is accomplished by level scheduling, freeze windows and underutilization of capacity. A level schedule is one that requires material to be pulled into final assembly in a pattern uniform enough to allow the various elements of production to respond to pull signals. In does not necessarily mean that the usage of every part on an assembly line is identified hour by hour for days on end; it does not mean that a given production system q-equipped with flexible set-ups and a fixed amount of material in the pipelines can respond.

(Sinha P.K., Sinha S., Current Trends in Management, 2007, section 5.28)

Forge Welding

According to American Welding Society, “Forge Welding (FOW) is a solid-state welding process that produces a weld by heating workpieces to welding [hot working] temperatures and applying blows sufficient to cause deformation at the faying surfaces.” Without question, forge welding was the earliest form of welding and is still used today by blacksmiths among others.

(Wessler R.W., Principles of welding: processes, physics, chemistry, and metallurgy, 1999, p. 101)

Explosion Welding

Explosion welding (EXW) is a pressure-welding process that represents a special case. In explosion welding, the workpieces usually start out cold but heat significantly and extremely rapidly very locally at their faying surfaces during the production of the actual weld. The controlled detonation of a properly placed and shaped explosive charge causes the properly aligned workpieces to come together extremely rapidly at a low contact angle. When this occurs, air between the workpieces is squeezed out at supersonic velocities. The resulting jet cleans the surfaces of oxides and causes very localized but rapid heating to high temperatures.

(Wessler R.W., Principles of welding: processes, physics, chemistry, and metallurgy, 1999, p. 103)