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Sequential Engineering: Sequential engineering, also known as serial engineering, is characterized by departments supplying information to design only after a product has been designed, verified and prototyped. In serial engineering the various functions such as design, manufacturing and costumer service are seperated. The information in serial engineering flows in succession from phase to phase. For example the prototype model, verified by either simulation or hardware prototyping or both, is reviewed for manufacturing, quality and service. Usually, some changes are suggested after the review.

(Nanua Singh, Systems Approach to Computer-Integrated Design and Manufacturing, pg.104)

On-line Quality: On-line quality control activities conducted at the manufacturing stage to keep the process in statistical control and to reduce manufacturing imperfections in the product.

(Nanua Singh, Systems Approach to Computer-Integrated Design and Manufacturing, pg.352)

Conveyor Band: Conveyor is a convenient and cost-effectivemeans of moving materials over a fixed path. Whenever there is a need to move materials frequently between spesific points, conveyors are the logical choice for material handling. Depending on the circumstances, the conveyors can be designed to suit specific applications. often, the conveyors are classified into two broad categories according to

• The type of product being handled, that is, bulk or unit
• The location of the conveyor, that is, overhead or floor

The classification is not unique. For example, a belt conveyor can be used for bulk and unit materials and it can be located overhead as well as on the floor. Within these categories, a number of types of conveyors can be designed to meet requirements of the costumers. Examples include belt, roller, wheel, bucket, slat, vibrating, screw, pneumatic and tow, among others.

(Nanua Singh, Systems Approach to Computer-Integrated Design and Manufacturing, pg.293)

Dedicated Machines: Specialized and single-purpose machines were developed in the early 1990s for mass production of identical parts. Many different tranfer-type machines, each designed to producea specific product or perform a specific machining operation, were used in manufacturing. This process was not very flexible and as many as 150 different machines were required to produce a limited number of finished products. When the product mix changed, the machine had to changed,which was a costly, time-consuming process.

(Alavudeen & Venkateshwaran, Computer Integrated Manufacturing,pg.43)