Burak Çınar 030060132 3rd week

Phosphate coatings:

Phosphate coatings are formed by immersing metals (usually steel or zinc) in baths where metal phosphates (iron, zinc, and manganese phosphates are all common) have been dissolved in solutions of phosphoric acid. The resultant coatings can be used to precondition surfaces to receive and retain paint or enhance the subsequent bonding with rubber or plastic. In addition, phosphate coatings are usually rough and can provide an excellent surface for holding oils and lubricants. This feature can be used in manufacturing, where the coating holds the lubricants that assist in forming, or in the finished product, as with black-color bolts and fasteners, whose corrosion resistance is provided by a phosphate layer impregnated with wax or oil.

(MATERIALS AND PROCESSES IN MANUFACTURING 10th edition, J. Temple Black, Ernest Paul DeGarmo, Ronald A. Kohser, p.953)

Payback Period Method:

The payback period method represents an extension of the cost and accounting rate of return methods. This method determines the period of time that it takes for the original capital investment to be returned completely in the form of revenues, thus making it possible to roughly evaluate the risk of various investment objects. An individual investment object is favorable if its playback period is shorter than the investor's target specification. when comparing alternatives, the alternative that has the shortest playback period is the one that should be selected.

(Factory Planning Manual, Michael Schenk, Siegfried Wirth, Egon Müller, p.302)

Muda:

Muda is a japanese word referring to work or to elements of production that do not add value to the product. Therefore, it is important to eliminate muda. The job attitude of looking for muda and finding ways to eliminate it is called kaizen. Kaizen is central to the TPS (Toyota production system) way of thinking. In TPS, muda has been classified into a number of categories such as correction (rework), overproduction, processing, conveyance, inventory, motion and waiting.

(Handbook of design, manufacturing, and automation, Richard C. Dorf,Andrew Kusiak, p.568)

Mura:

Mura literally means unevenness, which may be due to irregular production volumes or changing work flows or production schedules. It means that the workloads on the machines are not balanced. In such a situation, capacity planning must be done that considers the peak level of production, thereby increasing the cost of production.

(Handbook of design, manufacturing, and automation, Richard C. Dorf,Andrew Kusiak, p.568)