Ali Utku Gökçe-030060060-3rd week

Database management systems

Database management systems based on the relational model could provide the environment in which unstructured information needs would be met by employing ad hoc queries. End users would be given the ability to access data when needed. Unfortunately, the early relational model implementations did not yet deliver acceptable throughput when compared to the well- established hierarchical or network database models.

The last two decades gave birth to a series of crucial social and technological changes that affected database development and design. Among those changes were:

* Business operations became decentralized

* Competition increased at the global level.

* Customer demands and market needs favored a decentralized managament style.
(Database Systems: Design, Implemantation and Management, Peter Rob, page 478)

Fourth-Generation Language (4GL)

Introduction of graphical user interface, the people have started for alternative solutions, which will ease handling the large databases, and do not require excessive programming in high level language. The answer was fourth generation languages.

Structed Query Languages(SQL) , Query by Example(QBE) is considered as fourth generation languages. These languages are used to gather data from the database with visiual interface like Visual Basic(VB) Developer For Oracle, Application Program Tools (APT) for Sybase works well and requires minimum amount of efforts to query the databese.

(Introduction To Computers And C Programming, S.K Bajpai,Page49)

Production and Inventory Control (PIC)

The design of production and inevntory(PIC) policy is an important factor for effective supply chain. This rule determines the dynamics in the supply chain and the costs for production and inventory holding. Inventory costs rises based on inventory holding increase which is created by uncertainties in demand, supply, production and control policy. Production costs increase with ramp- up and phase out of production and capacity holding, caused by changing order and production rate.

(Dynamics in Logistics,Hans- Dietrich Haasis,page143)

Chase Production Strategy

Chase Production Strategy works well for make-to-order firms since they can not rely on finished goods inventory to satisfy the fluctuating demand pattern. Make-to-order firms generally produce one-of-a-kind, speciality products based on customer specifications. Make-to-order firms can not build ahead of orders since they do not know thw actual specifications of the finished goods. However, make-to-order products generally require highly skilled labor taht is capable of producing unique products using general purpose equipment. Although the chase production strategy works when low- cost, unskilled labor is hired and abandoned, the strategy can be problematic when highly skilled workers are needed, especially in a tight labor market.

(Principles Of Supply Chain Management, Joel D. Wisner, page179)