Çağatay Taylan TAN 030070119

Numerical Control:

Numerical control (NC) is a method of controlling movements of a machine components by directly inserting coded instructions in the form of numbers and letters into the system.The system automatically interprets these data and converts them to output signals.These signals , in turn, control various machine components , such as turning spindles on and off, changing tools, moving the workpiece or the tools along specific paths, and turning cutting fluids on and off.

(Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R.,Manufacturing engineering and technology, 1153)

Adaptive Control:

Adaptive Control (AC) is basically a dynamic feedback system in which the operating parameters automatically adapt themselves to conform to new circumstances.Human reactions to occurances in everyday life already contain dynamic feedback control.For example, driving a car on a smooth road is relatively easy, and we need to make few ( if any) adjustments.However , on a rough road we may have to steer to avoid potholes by visually and continuously observing the condition of the road.Also, our body feels the car's rough movements and vibrations; we then react by changing the direction and/or the speed of the car to minimize the effects of the rough road and to increase the comfort of the ride.

(Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R.,Manufacturing engineering and technology, 1161)

Manipulator:

It is a robot component that also called arm and wrist, the manipulator is a mechanical unit that provides motions(trajectories) similar to those of a human arm and hand.The end of the wrist can reach a point in space having a specific set of coordinates and in a specific orientation.Most robots have six rotational joints.Seven degrees of freedom or redundant robots for special applications also are available.

(Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R.,Manufacturing engineering and technology, 1166)

End Effector:

The end of wrist in a robot is equipped with an end effector which also is called end-of-arm tooling.Depending on the type of operation, conventional end effectors may be equipped with any of the following.
-Grippers, hooks, scoops, electromagnets, vacuum cups, and adhesive fingers for material handling.
-Spray guns for painting
-Attachments for spot and arc welding and for arc cutting
-Power tools ( such as drills, nut drivers, and burrs)
-Measuring instruments
End effectors generally are custom-made to meet specific handling requirements.Mechanical grippers are used to most commonly and are equipped with two or more fingers.Compliant end effectors are used to handle fragile materials or to facilitate assembly.These end effectors can use elastic mechanisms to limit the force which can be applied to the workpiece, or they can be designed with desired stiffness.



(Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R.,Manufacturing engineering and technology, 1166)