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Manufacturing Cell

A manufacturing cell is a small unit, consisting of one to several workstation. A workstation usually contains either one machine (called a single-machine cell) or several machines (called a group-machine cell) with each machine performing a different operation on the part. The machines can be modified, retooled and regrouped for diffrent product lines within the samefamily of parts.

(Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R. 5th Ed., pg.1219, Kayra Ermutlu)

Prototyping

We define prototype as “ an approximation of the product along one or more dimensions of interest.” Under this definition, any entity exhibiting at least one aspect of the product that is of interest to the development team can be viewed as a prototype. This definition deviates from standard usage in that it includes such diverse forms of prototypes as sketchesi mathematical models, simulations test components and fully functional preproduction version of the product. Prototyping is the process of developing such an approximation of the product.

(Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R.,Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 5th Ed., pg.247, Kayra Ermutlu)

Laminated Object Manufacturing

Laminated object manufacturing produces a solid physical model by stacking layers of sheet stock that are each cut to an outlinecorresponding to cross sectional shape of a CAD model that has been sliced into layers. The layers bonded on the top of the previous one before cutting. After cutting the excess material in the layer remains in the place to support the part during building. Starting material in LOM can be virtuallyany material in sheet stock form, such as paper, plastic, cellulose, metal sor fiber-reinforced materials. Stock thickness is 0.05 to 0.50 mm. In LOM, the sheet material is usually supplied with adhesive backing as rolls that are spooled between two reels. Otherwise, the LOM process must include an adhesive coating step for each layer.

(Groover M.P., Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing, 4th Ed., Pg 793, Kayra Ermutlu)

Robust Design

Robust design is an engineering methodology for optimizing the product and process conditions which are minimally sensitive to the various causes of variation and which produce high-quality products with low development and manufacturing costs.Taguchi’s parameter design is an important tool for robust design. His tolerance design can be also classified as a robust design. In narrow sense robust design is identical to parameter designi but in wider sense parameter design is asubset of robust design. Two majör tools used in robust design are:

• Single-to-noise ratio, which measures quality with emphasis on variation;
• Orthogonal arrays, which accomodate many design factors(parameters) simultaneously.

(Park S.H., Robust Design and Analysis for Quality Engineering, pg.3, Kayra Ermutlu)