Osman Pehlivanoğlu, 030040089, 2nd week

Product integrity
Product integrity is a term that is generally used to define the degree to which a product: a)suitable for its intenden purpose; b)responds to a real market demand;c)functions reliably during its life expectancy; and d)can be maintained with relative ease. (Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, Kalpakjian, 5th Edition, p38)

Computational Fluid Dynamics
The physical aspects of any fluid flow are governed by the following three fundamental principles: 1)mass is conserved; 2)F=ma; and 3)energy is conserved. These fundamental principles can be expressed in terms of mathematical equations, which in their most general form are usually partial differential equations. CFD is, in part, the art of replacing the governing partial differential equations of fluid flow with numbers, and advancing these numbers in space and/or time to obtain a final numerical description of the complete flow field of interest. This is not an all-inclusive definition of CFD; there are some problems which allow the immediate solution of the flow field without advancing in time or space, and there are some applications which involve integral equations rather than partial differential equations. In any event, all such problems involve the manipulation of, and the solution for, numbers. The end product of CFD is indeed a collection of numbers, in contrast to a closed-form analytical solution. (Computational Fluid Dynamics, John F. Wendt, 3rd Edition, p6)
Electron Beam Melting (EBM)
The EBM process was first commercialised by Arcam in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1997. The process uses a similar approach to selective laser sintering but replaces a laser with an electron beam-this has interesting implications. Firstly, the electron beam may be directed by changing the electromagnetic field through which it passes. This eliminates the need for scanning mirrors and can significantly increase scanning speed. Secondly, the power developed by the electron beam is very high, allowing the process to fully melt a wide range of metals including titanium alloy using a very fast scanning rate. However, the process is limited to conductive materials and surfaces, as with many other layer-based processes, often require extensive finishing-especially for tooling applications. (Rapid Manufacturing, N. Hopkinson, p68)
Life Cycle Costs
One of the externalities of DFM. Throughout their life cycles, certain products may incur some company or social costs which are not (or are rarely) accounted for the manufacturing cost. For example, products may contain toxic materials requiring special handling in disposal. Products may incur service and warranty costs. Although these costs may not appear in the manufacturing cost analysis, they should be considered before adopting a DFM decision.(Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, Kalpakjian, 5th Edition, p229)