Material
Selection Charts (Ashby's) –(Material Selection)
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Ashby
structured the material selection in mechanical design into a standard
four-step process: translating design requirements into material requirements,
screening materials based on functional requirements, ranking screened
materials to improve performance, and seeking supporting information to select
the final material. The Ashby method, providing schematic benchmarking of material
properties of different classes in the constructed material property chart, is
widely adopted to aid decision-making in material selection in the stage of
mechanical design for functional optimization and of environmental impact
reduction. In the Ashby’s material property chart, the fundamental relationships
between material properties become self-evident and it becomes easy for
designers and engineers to select the optimal material based on the selection
criteria by comparing the relative positions of the candidate materials in the
two-dimensional chart.[1]
Ashby creates
a useful analogy for material selection when he compares it to selecting a candidate
for a job. The steps can be visualized
as in Fig. 5.3.
The process of
design we are concerned with here is the mechanical design, dealing with physical
principles and proper functioning and manufacture of the designed object. The following process of industrial design, dealing
with pattern, colour, texture, and consumer appear then follows.
Design is
perhaps best understood through examples or case studies. Ashby tries to get the student to look at
design in a number of ways three of which are shown in the following figures.
What Ashby developed
is the chart form exemplified in Fig. 4.2 for a kind of selection. These charts condense a lot of information
into a compact but accessible form. They reveal correlations between material
properties, which aid in checking and estimating data they lend themselves to
the optimization techniques which becomes a basic step in materials selection.
[2]
1-Chris Y.
Yuan, David A. Dornfeld, A Schematic
Method for Sustainable Material Selection of Toxic Chemicals in Design and Manufacturing,
p 2.
Journal of
Mechanical Design,091014-2 / Vol. 132, SEPTEMBER 2010 American
Institute of Physics (AIP) Publications
2-
Materials Selection in
Mechanical Design, Michael Ashby
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