Taha Selman CAKIR
030070023
1st week

Just-in-time production (JIT) :

The principal of JIT is that supplies of raw materials, parts, and components are delivered to the manufacturer just in time to be used, parts and components are produced just in time to be made into sub-assemblies and assemblies, and products are finished just in time to be delivered to the customer. As a result, inventory-carrying costs are low, part defects are detected right away, productivity is increased, and high quality products are made at low costs.
The JIT concept has the following goals:
- Recieve supplies just in time to be used.
- Produce parts just in time to be made into subassemblies.
- Produce subassemblies just in time to be assembled into finished products.
- Produce and deliver finished products just in time to be sold.

(Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R., Manufacturing engineering and technology, 35,1225)

Six Sigma:

A quality standard. Six sigma means that there are only 3.4 defective parts per million parts on each side of the distribution (or a total of 6.8 parts per million). Because of the nature of statistical distributions, this tacitly forces improvements in process capability to reduce variability. The six sigma concept also has been extended to business and office processes and operations.

(Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R., Manufacturing engineering and technology, 1123)

Value Analysis:

Value analysis is a system that evaluates each step in design, materials, process, and operations in order to manufacture a product that performs all of its intended functions and does so at the lowest possible cost.
The value of a product defined as:
Value = Product function and performance / Product cost
Value analysis generally consists of the following six phases:
1. Information phase: to gather data and determine costs.
2. Analysis phase: to define functions and identify problem areas as well as opportunities.
3. Creativity phase: to seek ideas to respond to problems and opportunities without judging the value of each of these ideas.
4. Evaluation phase: to select the ideas to be developed and to identify the costs involved.
5. Implementation phase: to present facts, costs, and values to the company managament; to develop a plan, and to motivate positive action, all in order to obtain a commitment of the resources necessary to accomplish the task.
6. Review phase: in which the overall value-analysis process is reviewed and necessary adjustments are made.

(Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R., Manufacturing engineering and technology, 1266)

Life cycle assesment (LCA):

According to the ISO 14000 standard life cycle assesment is defined as a systematicset of procedures for compiling and examining the inputs and outputs of materials and energy and the associated enviromental impacts or burdens directly attributable to the functioning of a product, process, or service system throughout its entire life cycle.

(Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R., Manufacturing engineering and technology, 1245)