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DRAFTING:
After the preceding stages have been completed, the design is re produced by automated drafting machines for documentation and reference. At this stage, detailed and working drawings also are developed and printed. The CAD system also is capable of developing and drafting sactional view of part, scaling the drawings, and performing transformaions in order to present various views of the part.
(Serope Kalpakjian, Steven R. Schimidt, MANUFACTORING ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, 5th Edition, page 1202)
INDIRECT LABOR:
These cost are generated in servicing of the total manufactoring operation, consisting of such activities as supervision, repair, maintenance, quality control, engineering, research, and sale it also includes the cost of office staff. Because they do not contribute directly to the production of finished parts, or they are not chargeable to a specific product, these costs are referred as overhead and are charged proportionally to products. the personnel involved in these activities are categorized as nonproductive labor.
(Serope Kalpakjian, Steven R. Schimidt, MANUFACTORING ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, 5th Edition, page 1264)
PRODUCTION RATE:
A major factor in manufactoring process section is the production rate. This is defined as a number of pieces to be produced per unit of time (such as hour, per day, or per year). Recall this project such as die casting , powder metallurji, deep drawing, wire drawing, adn roll forming are production rate operations.
(Serope Kalpakjian, Steven R. Schimidt, MANUFACTORING ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, 5th Edition, page 1256)
CONTIUOUS PRODUCTION:
The production is assembled while moving at a constant speed on pallets ar similar workpiece carriers. The parts to be assembled are brought to the product by various workheads, and their movements are syncronized with the continuous movement of the product. typical applicaions of this system are in bottling and packaging plants, althought the medhod also has been used on mass-production lines for outomobiles and appliances.
(Serope Kalpakjian, Steven R. Schimidt, MANUFACTORING ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, 5th Edition, page 1182)